社会工作在农村新型现代化转型中的角色定位与服务方略  

Social Work's Role Orientation and Service Strategy in the New Modernization Transformation of Rural

作　　者：田金娜 钱宁[2] TIAN Jinna;QIAN Ning

机构地区：[1]四川外国语大学国际法学与社会学院,重庆400031 [2]云南大学民族学与社会学学院,昆明650091

出　　处：《社会工作》2024年第5期71-87,158-160,共20页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：重庆市社科规划项目“西部乡村振兴中的社会组织体系建设研究”(项目编号:2018BS53);四川省农村社区治理研究中心项目“乡村振兴背景下嵌入性关系中的社区互动”(项目编号:SQZL2018A03)。

摘　　要：以新质生产力和新型生产、生活方式为代表的农村新型现代化正在推动农村社会的转型,并对社会工作的发展提出了挑战。历史地看,社会工作在参与脱贫攻坚行动的实践探索中,面向脱贫攻坚的现实需求和精准脱贫的政策议题,形成了一系列解决基本民生问题的经验,为社会工作在乡村振兴的政策创新和政策实践中发挥专业作用奠定了基础。同时也存在具体解决问题的专业能力与宏观政策能力不足、制度体制制约等方面的局限。对此,社会工作需要反思既往的专业实践,改变脱贫攻坚时期过度依赖于行政、“任务中心取向”的服务策略,结合乡村振兴的战略目标,重新认识自己的专业功能和角色定位,发展政策性社会工作,助力农村新型现代化转型。The new modernization of rural areas represents a significant transformation in the socioeconomic landscape,characterized by the new quality of productive forces and a new type of production methods alongside evolving lifestyle.It is not merely limited to the transformation and development of agricultural modernization with the innovation and progress of agricultural science and technology as the core,but encompasses a holistic revolution that concerns farmers'life concept,rural spiritual style and living state.It is driving the transformation of rural society.From the sense of social work participating in rural social practice,the transformation is an opportunity because it creates more needs.However,we should also clearly recognize that this new transformation also poses new challenges to the development of social work.Historically speaking,in the practical exploration of participating in the poverty alleviation campaign,social work has formed a series of experiences(such as various community engagement programs)to solve basic livelihood problems in the face of the practical needs of poverty alleviation and the policy issues of precise poverty alleviation.It has laid the foundation for social work to play a professional role in policy innovation and policy practice of rural revitalization.However,despite these advancements,there are also notable limitations within the field,such as a lack of professional ability to solve specific problems and macro policy capabilities,as well as constraints from the system and institutional framework.In this regard,social work should combine with the strategic goals of rural revitalization and reconsider its professional functions and role positioning.Then,it needs to reflect on its previous professional practices and change its service strategy,which is excessive reliance on administration and“task-centered orientation”during the poverty alleviation period.A reflective analysis reveals that many service delivery strategies employed during previous poverty alleviation campa

关 键 词：社会工作 农村转型发展 乡村振兴 角色定位 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]