拉萨南北山不同造林模式下蜘蛛群落多样性研究  

Study on the Diversity of Spider Community under DifferentAfforestation Patterns in the Northern and Southern Mountains of Lhasa

作　　者：方辽 黄智 颉彩霞 臧建成 FANG Liao;HUANG Zhi;JIE Caixia;ZANG Jiancheng(Department of Plant Sciences,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China;Laboratory of Resource Insects and Applied Insects in Xizang Plateau,Linzhi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏高原资源昆虫与应用昆虫实验室,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2024年第3期55-64,共10页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：西藏自治区科技计划重点研发及转化项目(XZ202301ZY0019N);“新农科”高原植物生产类专业提升实践创新能力平台建设项目(藏财预指2023-1号).

摘　　要：蜘蛛是林木生态系统中的重要天敌,对维护生态系统平衡发挥了重要作用。为了解不同造林模式下蜘蛛群落组成及功能群,该试验于2023年5—9月在拉萨南北山选取7种不同造林模式,采用马氏网和扫网法对蜘蛛进行采集,应用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Jaccard相似性系数、Berger-Parker优势度指数和聚类进行分析。结果显示:该试验共收集蜘蛛1519头,隶属20科36属55种,圆珠科的Cyclosa sp.蜘蛛数量最多,为306头;从优势度看,利氏猫蛛(Oxyopes licen⁃ti)、圆珠科的Cyclosa sp.和直伸肖蛸(Tetragnatha extensa)为优势类群,分别占蜘蛛总数的8.95%、20.14%和8.56%;不同造林模式下蜘蛛群落多样性表明,从不同造林模式下采集蜘蛛数为江孜沙棘+细叶红柳+白皮松+油松模式(JXBY)>江孜沙棘+油松+樟子松+云杉模式(JYZY)>刺槐+樟子松+雪松模式(CZX)>中华沙棘+刺槐+油松+祁连圆柏+北京杨模式(ZCYQB)>油松纯林模式(Y)>中华沙棘+油松+云杉+细叶红柳模式(ZYYX)>雪松+海棠模式(XH);不同造林模式下蜘蛛功能群多样性表明,圆网型蜘蛛Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数最高,伏击捕食型蜘蛛的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数最低;各功能群中捕获地表游猎型和圆网型蜘蛛数最多,分别为500头和372头,捕获伏击捕食型蜘蛛最少为5头;不同造林模式相似度和聚类分析表明,蜘蛛群落两两之间相似度属于中等不相似和中等相似,不同造林模式下蜘蛛功能群两两之间相似度均属于中等相似和极相似。综上,拉萨南北山蜘蛛群落物种丰富,蜘蛛群落多样性和蜘蛛功能群多样性在不同造林模式下具有一定程度的差异性。s:Spiders are important natural enemies in forest ecosystems and play an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance.In order to understand the composition and functional groups of spider community under the different afforestation models,seven different afforestation models were selected in the Northern and Southern Mountains of Lhasa from May to September 2023.The spiders were collected by using the Markov network and the sweep net method.Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index,Jacca⁃rd similarity coefficient,Berger-Parker dominance index and clustering were used for analyzing the composition and functional groups of spider community under the different afforestation models.A total of 1519 spiders were obtained,belonging to 55 species,36 genera and 20 families.Overall,the genus of Cyclosa has the largest num⁃ber of spiders with 306 specimens.In terms of dominance,Oxyopes licenti,Cyclosa sp.and Tetragnatha extensa were the dominant groups,accounting for 8.95%,20.14%and 8.56%of the total number of spiders,respective⁃ly.The results of spider community diversity under different afforestation modes showed that the highest number of spiders(400)collected under the JXBY mode and the lowest number of spiders(86)under the XH mode.In terms of spider functional groups diversity,round-web spiders has the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index,and ambush predatory spiders has the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index.Among the functional groups,ground-dwelling and round-web spiders have the highest number of spider specimens with 500 and 372 specimens,respectively,and ambush predatory spider has the low⁃est the number of spider specimens with 5 specimens.The results of similarity and cluster analysis of different af⁃forestation models showed that the similarity between spider communities was moderately dissimilar and moder⁃ately similar,and the similarity of spider functional groups between the different afforestat

关 键 词：蜘蛛 群落结构 功能群 优势类群 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S435.711[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]