海洋环境保护法修订背景下海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度研究  

Research on the compensation system for marine ecological environment damage in light of the revision of Maritime Environmental Protection Law

作　　者：蔡悦荫[1,2] 张广帅 李晴 孙家文[1,2] 姜峰[1,2] 宫玮 闫吉顺 CAI Yueyin;ZHANG Guangshuai;LI Qing;SUN Jiawen;JIANG Feng;GONG Wei;YAN Jishun(National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Restoration,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [2]国家环境保护海洋生态环境整治修复重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第5期657-663,671,共8页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：财政预算项目(2110302):“海洋生态环境保护监督管理”。

摘　　要：1999年《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》(以下简称海环法)第一次修订设置了专门的海洋生态环境损害赔偿条款,但主要聚焦解决海洋溢油索赔,未能引领建立切实维护人民群众海洋生态环境权益的海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度。2023年海环法第二次修订,海洋生态环境损害赔偿条款针对损害情景、索赔主体、公益诉讼等做了三处修订,在此背景下,本文梳理了海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度构建历程和实施现状,总结了海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度建设存在的问题,并借鉴生态环境损害赔偿制度改革总体要求,从科学界定海洋生态环境损害索赔启动条件、提高海洋生态环境损害鉴定评估技术能力、建立健全海洋生态环境损害赔偿执行监管机制、加强船源性海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度研究四方面提出相应的对策建议,以期为推进我国海洋生态环境损害赔偿制度建设提供有益参考。In 1999,the initial amendment to the Marine Environment Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China introduced specific provisions for compensating marine ecological environment damage.However,it mainly provides a legal basis for marine oil spill claims,failing to guide the establishment of an effective compensation system that safeguards the rights and interests of individuals within the marine ecological environment.The second revision of the Marine Environmental Protection Law in 2023 included three amendments to the clauses concerning compensation for marine ecological environment damage,covering damage scenarios,eligible claimants,and public interest litigation.This article delves into the evolution and present implementation status of the marine ecological environment damage compensation system,pinpointing construction challenges.In alignment with the overarching reform requirements for environmental damage compensation systems,suggestions are proposed in four critical domains:defining conditions for damage claims to the marine ecological environment,enhancing identification and evaluation techniques,establishing effective supervision for compensation implementation,and advance research on ship-related ecological environment damage compensation.These proposals aim to serve as valuable insights for advancing the establishment of China’s marine ecological environment damage compensation system.

关 键 词：海洋环境保护法 海洋生态环境损害赔偿工作机制 海洋生态环境损害鉴定评估技术 船源性 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] X32[政治法律—法学]