河口和近海水体分类分区国内外研究进展  

Research progress at home and abroad on classification and segmentation of estuarine and coastal waters

作　　者：李昭川 张明兴 康贤炜 娄亚迪 王莹[1] 王菊英[1] LI Zhaochuan;ZHANG Mingxing;KANG Xianwei;LOU Yadi;WANG Ying;WANG Juying(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学与生态环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2024年第5期672-683,共12页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2023YFC3208401);国家生态环境基准管理项目[JZ(2024)-03-03]。

摘　　要：水体分类分区是河口和近海营养物基准制定和水生态环境管理的前提和基础,对我国开展河口营养盐差异化精准管控以及陆海统筹的水质考核具有重要意义。本文梳理了美国、欧盟与我国的河口和近海水体分类分区研究进展,结合典型案例介绍了国际上的代表性技术方法,剖析了地形地貌、盐度、水深、水动力因素和底质类型等关键分类分区指标的生态相关性考量,并根据现有工作基础以及我国河口和近海生态环境特征,就总体思路、水体类型划分、指标选取等方面初步提出我国河口和近海水体分类分区框架,以期服务于河口和近海的营养物基准标准的制修订以及水生态环境管理。The classification and segmentation of water bodies form the premise and basis for determining estuarine and coastal nutrient criteria,which is critical to the development of precise and differentiated estuarine nutrient control as well as water quality assessment in land-sea integration in China.Here,the research progress of classification and segmentation of estuarine offshore water bodies in the United States,the European Union and China was summarized,and the representative methodologies were introduced combined with typical cases.Key classification and segmentation factors(i.e.,topography and geomorphology,salinity,bathymetry,hydrodynamic factors,and substrate)were investigated for their ecological relevance.On the basis of current studies and the characteristics of China’s estuarine and coastal ecological environment,a preliminary framework for classification and segmentation of estuarine and coastal waters in China was proposed in terms of overall thoughts,classification of water body types and factor selection.Our review provides important basis for determining and revising nutrient criteria and standards,as well as for managing the ecosystems in estuarine and coastal waters.

关 键 词：营养物基准 分类分区 河口 近海 

分 类 号：X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]