刑事指导性案例的理性重塑与类案判断  

Rational reconstruction and judgment in similar cases of criminal guidance cases

作　　者：王晓[1] 李力军 WANG Xiao;LI Lijun(School of Law and Politics,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学法政学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期599-606,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省大学科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)(2023R406078)。

摘　　要：同案同判作为一种形式意义上的司法要求,并不能充分说明待决案件援引指导性案例进行裁判的正当性基础,需要一般性规则对其进行实质性的补充。法律领域的类比推理要求一般性规则需要具有合法律性与规范性两种特质。刑法构成要件作为类型思维在具体部门法中的产物,能够成为刑事裁判领域的一般性规则。这一规则在对构成要件要素的解释过程中不断具体化,并使得刑法理论与刑事司法呈现出类型化的思考倾向。严格意义上的类案判断标准过于强调整体事实,限缩了指导性案例的适用范围,无法满足刑事司法的实践需求。以刑法构成要件要素为指引,能够建立一种宽容意义上的类案概念,并以动态的类案判断方式激活刑事指导性案例的制度活性。As a formal judicial requirement,"treating like cases alike"cannot fully explain the basis of legitimacy of invoking guiding cases in pending cases.It needs to be substantially supplemented by general rules.Analogism in the field of law requires that general rules have both legal and normative qualities.The tatbestand,as the product of the typed thinking in the specific department law,can be the general rules in the field of criminal judgement.These rules are constantly concretized in the process of interpreting the elements of the tatbestand,and have led to a typological thinking trend in criminal law theory and criminal justice.The judgment standard of similar cases in the strict sense emphasizes too much on the specific conformity of the whole facts while limits the scope of application of criminal guidance cases,failing to meet the practical needs of criminal justice.Guided by the elements of the tatbestand in criminal law,we can establish a concept of similar cases in a broad sense,and activate the institutional activity of criminal guiding cases by dynamic judgment method of similar cases.

关 键 词：同案同判 一般性规则 类比推理 刑事指导性案例 构成要件要素 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]