青海高原地区小型兽类7种病原体携带情况调查研究  

Prevalence of seven zoonotic pathogens in small mammals in the Qinghai plateau region

作　　者：程红兵 刘益萍 崔佳 饶华祥 栗冬梅[3] 于娟 CHENG Hong-bing;LIU Yi-ping;CUI Jia;RAO Hua-xiang;LI Dong-mei;YU Juan(Department of Basic Medical Sciences,Changzhi Medical College,Changzhi 046000,China;Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,Changzhi Medical College,Changzhi 046000,China;National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,Department of Vector Biology and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]长治医学院基础医学部,长治046000 [2]长治医学院公共卫生与预防医学系,长治046000 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室,传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国人兽共患病学报》2024年第9期880-886,共7页Chinese Journal of Zoonoses

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划项目(No.20210302124299,No.202303021221180);国家科技重大专项(No.2017ZX10303404);山西省卫生健康委员会科研课题(No.2022119);长治医学院学术技术带头人项目(No.XS202103)联合资助。

摘　　要：目的了解青海高原地区伯氏疏螺旋体、问号钩端螺旋体、斑疹伤寒立克次体、恙虫病东方体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体、土拉弗朗西斯菌及巴贝虫7种病原体在小型兽类中的流行状况,为当地人兽共患疾病风险评估和预警提供科学依据。方法2018年6-7月,我们采用夹夜法在青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州、海北藏族自治州及玉树藏族自治州的6个镇(区)捕获小型兽类,无菌收集其肝脏、脾脏和肾脏组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR法进行细菌性病原体的检测,采用普通PCR法进行巴贝虫的检测,对阳性PCR产物进行序列测定和分析。χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法比较不同小型兽类、生境的病原体检出率差异。结果共捕获15种235只小型兽类,检出伯氏疏螺旋体、问号钩端螺旋体和巴贝虫,未检出其他病原体。伯氏疏螺旋体在长尾仓鼠、大林姬鼠、高原鼠兔、小家鼠、子午沙鼠、普通田鼠、仓鼠、间颅鼠兔、五趾跳鼠等9种41只小型兽类中检出,阳性率为17.45%(41/235);问号钩端螺旋体在长尾仓鼠、小家鼠、普通田鼠和根田鼠中检出,阳性率为3.40%(8/235),巴贝虫仅在1只香鼬中检出,阳性率为0.85%(1/235),不同病原体检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=200.54,P<0.001)。伯氏疏螺旋体在林区检出率最高,与其他生境差异有统计学意义(Fisher确切概率法,P<0.05)。3只普通田鼠和2只长尾仓鼠中存在伯氏疏螺旋体和问号钩端螺旋体混合感染的情况。巴贝虫阳性标本测序成功,基因序列系统发育分析显示为Babesia vulpes。结论青海高原地区小型兽类中检测出伯氏疏螺旋体、问号钩端螺旋体和巴贝虫,对人有潜在致病性,当地应加强相应人兽共患疾病的监测,并制定相应的防控措施。This study investigated the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi,Anaplasma phagocytophilum,Rickettsia typhi,Orientia tsutsugamushi,Leptospira interrogans,Francisella tularensis,and Babesia spp.in small mammals in the Qinghai plateau region,to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of local zoonotic diseases.Small mammals were captured with snap traps at six sampling sites in the Qinghai plateau region.Liver,spleen,and kidney tissues were collected for detection of six bacterial pathogens with real-time PCR.Conventional PCR(cPCR)was used for Babesia detection,and the positive PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.The differences in pathogen detection rates among species and habitats were analyzed withχ^(2) test or Fisher’s exact test.In total,235 small mammals from 15 species were captured.B.burgdorferi,L.interrogans,and Babesia were detected in 11 species of small mammals,whereas A.phagocytophilum,R.typhi,O.tsutsugamushi,and F.tularensis were not detected.B.burgdorferi was detected in 41 small mammals from nine species(Cricetulus longicaudatus,Apodemus peninsulae,Ochotona curzoniae,Mus musculus,Meriones meridians,Microtus arvalis,Cricetidae,Ochotona cansus,and Allactaga sibirica),with an infection rate of 17.45%(41/235).L.interrogans was detected in eight small mammals from four species(C.longicaudatus,M.musculus,M.arvalis,and Microtus oeconomus),with an infection rate of 3.40%(8/235).Babesia was detected in only one Mustela altaica,with an infection rate of 0.85%(1/235).Statistically significant differences were observed in the detection rates of pathogens among small mammal species(χ^(2)=200.54,P<0.05).Among habitats,the detection rate of B.burgdorferi was highest in the forest(Fisher’s exact test,P<0.05).B.burgdorferi and L.interrogans co-infection was observed in three M.arvalis and two C.longicaudatus.In addition,one Babesia sequence was obtained,which clustered with Babesia vulpes in the phylogenetic tree.B.burgdorferi,L.interrogans,and Babesia were the main pathogens prevalent in

关 键 词：人兽共患病 小型兽类 流行情况 青海高原地区 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]