较强形变能力的聚丙烯基多孔材料的制备及其压力传感性能研究  

Preparation of Polypropylene-based Cellular Materials with Stronger Deformation Ability and Research on Their Pressure Sensing Performances

作　　者：曾鹏程 肖书平 吴焕东 徐百平 Peng-cheng Zeng;Shu-ping Xiao;Huan-dong Wu;Bai-ping Xu(Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Polymer Intelligent Manufacturing,Wuyi University,Jiangmen 529100)

机构地区：[1]五邑大学江门市高分子材料智能制造重点实验室,江门529100

出　　处：《高分子学报》2024年第10期1381-1392,共12页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号11972023);广东省教育厅重点领域专项(项目号2020ZDZX2051)资助项目.

摘　　要：通过熔融混炼制备热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/聚丙烯(PP)共混物,采用超临界二氧化碳釜压发泡技术将其制备成发泡样品,并对所得共混物和发泡样品的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征,基于此分析了TPU对共混物形变能力、发泡性能及其压力传感性能的影响机理.结果表明:TPU可显著增强共混物的形变能力,以该共混物为介电层的电容式压力传感器灵敏度(S)较高.研究还发现,TPU提高了该共混物的熔体强度,从而改善发泡样品的泡孔结构,未发泡实体区域和蠕虫状连通泡孔结构相比于纯PP发泡样品明显减少甚至消失.也因此,共混物发泡后形变能力得到增强,S值进一步提高,如TPU含量为30wt%的共混物发泡后,相应传感器在弹性弯曲区和屈曲区的S值分别提高4.1倍和0.4倍.应用测试结果表明,以该共混物发泡样品为介电层的电容式压力传感器在行走、坐立和抓取等人体运动检测中具有良好的应用前景.Polypropylene(PP)has the advantages of low cost,thermoplastic processing and good biocompatibility,and is widely used in the fields of household appliances and medical devices.However,it has rarely been used in the preparation of capacitive pressure sensors.In this research,thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)/PP blends were prepared by melt blending,and then the blends were foamed by supercritical carbon dioxide batching foaming.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TPU/PP blends and their foams were characterized.Based on this,the effects of the TPU on the mechanical and foaming properties of the blends,and thus on their pressure sensing performances were analyzed.The SEM images of the blends showed that the TPU droplets were uniformly distributed in the PP matrix.And the mechanical results suggests that the deformation abilities of the blends were significantly improved by these TPU droplets.Thus,the pressure sensors with the blends as dielectric layers show higher sensitivity(S).It is also found that,the melt strengths of the blends were improved by the TPU.And thus the cellular structures of the TPU/PP foams were improved:the solid area and wormlike-connected cellular structure in the TPU/PP foams were significantly reduced or even disappeared.Therefore,the deformation abilities of the TPU/PP blends were improved by foaming.And the values of S for the sensors with TPU/PP foams were higher than those with the TPU/PP blends.For example,for the blend with 30 wt%TPU,the values of S in elastic bending and buckling regions were increased by 4.1 and 0.4 times,respectively,after foaming.The application testing results show that the sensor with the PP-based cellular materials as dielectric layers reveals good application prospect in detecting human movements,such as walking,sitting and grasping.

关 键 词：聚丙烯 超临界二氧化碳发泡 力学性能 压力传感性能 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TB383.4[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] TQ317[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]