均质土堤漫溢溃决机理试验研究  

Experimental study on overtopping breaching mechanism of homogeneous river dikes

作　　者：黄卫 魏红艳 史德亮[1] 段文刚[1] HUANG Wei;WEI Hongyan;SHI Deliang;DUAN Wengang(Department of Hydraulics,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Intelligent Changjiang Innovation Team of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水力学研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江水利委员会智慧长江创新团队,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第10期218-224,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508002,2023YFC3006502);国家自然科学基金项目(51979007,11502174,U2340232);湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2022068-44)。

摘　　要：为研究堤防漫溢溃决机理及溃决影响因素作用规律,考虑河道来流量、堤高以及诱导溃口宽度3个影响因素,开展了5组均质土堤大尺度漫溢溃决试验。通过试验研究发现,溃口发展过程可分为初期较快发展期、中间快速增长期、后期缓慢增长期和稳定期4个阶段。研究表明:在第1个阶段存在陡坎侵蚀现象,峰值溃决流量则出现在第2个阶段;初始诱导溃口较宽时,第1个阶段溃口无明显扩宽;溃决过程中,溃口附近水位及水流不对称,进而导致溃口上下游侧均呈左右不对称发展;来流量和堤顶高程的增加均使得溃决峰值流量增大,而初始溃口宽度的增大则导致溃决初期坡面冲刷形态发生变化;来流量较大时,溃口初期扩宽速度较大。初始溃口宽度越窄,溃口平均扩宽速度越大。研究成果可为堤防建设与防汛抢险提供参考。To investigate breaching mechanism of homogeneous river dikes due to overtopping and the impact of factors on the breaching processes,five experimental cases on dike breaching were conducted considering factors of inflow discharge,initial dike height and initial notch width.Results showed that breaching processes can be divided into four stages,namely initial stage of fast developing,middle stage of fast multiplying,later stage of developing gently and last stable stage.The head cut scour appeared during the first stage and the peak breaching discharge appeared at the second stage.When the initial notch width was wide,the breaching width wasn’t likely to expand in the first stage.The water level and flow were both asymmetrical near the breaching notch,which made the breaching notches on both upstream and downstream sides develop asymmetrically in the left and right.Larger inflow discharge and dike height both resulted in larger peak discharge.While larger initial notch width resulted in variation of back slope erosion form.Increase of inflow discharge led to increase of initial breach widening rate,and the narrower the initial notch was,the faster breaching notch widen.The results can provide reference for dike construction and emergency treatment in flood controlling.

关 键 词：堤防溃决 漫顶水流 溃决机理 物理试验 

分 类 号：TV871[水利工程—水利水电工程]