太阳抵近探测计划——观测位置的新突破  

Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments:A Breakthrough in the Observation Position

作　　者：林隽[1,2,3,4] 陆希 陈雨豪[1,3,4] 黄帆 张珅毅[6] 张艺腾 周斌 葛振华 刘鎏 田晖 何建森[9] 程鑫[10] 陈鹏飞 白先勇[11] 季海生[12] 刘佳佳[13] 张晓世[14] LIN Jun;LU Xi;CHEN Yuhao;HUANG Fan;ZHANG Shenyi;ZHANG Yiteng;ZHOU Bin;GE Zhenhua;LIU Liu;TIAN Hui;HE Jiansen;CHENG Xin;CHEN Pengfei;BAI Xianyong;JI Haisheng;LIU Jiajia;ZHANG Xiaoshi(Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650216,Yunnan,China;Center for Astronomical Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science,Kunming 650216,Yunnan,China;Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China;National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650031,Yunnan,China;Innovation Academy for Microsatellites,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201203,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China;National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Anhui 230026,Hefei,China;School of Physics and Astronomy,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院云南天文台,云南昆明650216 [2]中国科学院天文大科学研究中心,北京100012 [3]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100049 [4]云南省太阳物理与空间目标监测重点实验室,云南昆明650216 [5]上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109 [6]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [7]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,云南昆明650031 [8]中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院,上海201203 [9]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [10]南京大学天文与空间科学学院,江苏南京210093 [11]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [12]中国科学院紫金山天文台,江苏南京210023 [13]中国科技大学地球与空间科学学院,安徽合肥230026 [14]云南大学物理天文学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2024年第5期1-10,共10页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0503804);国家自然科学基金(11933009);云南省林隽科学家工作室(太阳物理研究)资助项目。

摘　　要：太阳抵近探测计划(SCOPE)旨在突破高温和强辐射防护、长距离运载、远距离轨道控制和先进载荷等一系列极限技术,将探测器投送至距太阳中心仅有5个太阳半径的位置上,深入太阳大气层进行探测,研究太阳附近极亮、极热的深空探测“无人区”,在全新的位置上对太阳进行超近距离原位探测和遥感观测,针对磁场和等离子体结构实现空间分辨率优于0.1"的观测。探测器将穿越太阳爆发磁重联电流片,显微观测太阳爆发磁结构,原位探测磁重联电流片、日冕物质抛射与激波以及各类带电粒子,以推动揭示太阳爆发理论机理。探测器将在最靠近太阳的区域显微监测和探测日冕中尺度小于0.1"的纳耀斑、光球中尺度小于0.06"的磁场和速度场结构及其演化特征,确认日冕加热机制;探测太阳风重离子电荷态,确认太阳起源及加速机制。探测器还将在最接近太阳的区域内与原位探测日冕磁场,显微观测太阳极区磁场和等离子体结构和演化特征;揭示太阳附近尘埃分布特征,进入无尘埃区,确定太阳系尘埃盘内边界。困扰太阳物理界近百年的两个科学难题,即太阳爆发机理难题和日冕加热与太阳风加速机理难题,随着该计划的顺利实施将被破解;在最接近日心的位置处实现日冕磁场,包括太阳极区磁场原位探测“0到1”的突破也将实现。本文将介绍SCOPE的背景、科学目标和预期产出、有效载荷以及卫星平台关键技术。The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)i s a s pace m ission f or s olar observations.It aims to send a spacecraft into the solar atmosphere deeply,approaching to the Sun at a location around 5 solar radii from the center of the Sun,so as to explore the super-bright and super-hot“uninhibited zones”of the deep space near the Sun.A set of breakthroughs are expected to make by the mission in the limits to techniques such as high temperature and strong radiation protection,super-long distance delivery,orbit control at large distance,and advanced payloads.The observations and in-situ measurements of the Sun will be performed at a brand new position on the magnetic field and plasma structures with the special resolution better than 0.1".The spacecraft will traverse the magnetic reconnection current sheets,coronal mass ejections,associated fast mode shocks,and various charged particles occurring in the solar eruption for revealing the theoretical mechanisms of the solar eruption.The instruments will microscopically observe and in-situ measure the nanoflares smaller than 0.1"in the corona and the magnetic field and plasma structures smaller than 0.06"in the photosphere at an unprecedentedly close distance,identifying the features and associated mechanisms for corona heating.The detection of the charge states of heavy ions in the solar wind will help identify the origin and acceleration mechanisms of the solar wind.The coronal magnetic field and plasma,including those in the polar region,will be directly detected at the closest distance to the Sun,and the associated structures will be microscopically observed.The dust distribution of the dust around the Sun will be revealed,and the inner edge of the dust disk in the solar system will be explored.Two fundamental puzzles,i.e.,solar eruption and corona heating,which have challenged the solar physics community for about a century,will be solved with the success of the mission;and a breakthrough will also be realized in detecting the coronal magnetic

关 键 词：太阳爆发 磁场 磁重联 中高能粒子 原位探测 热防护 深空通信 

分 类 号：P182[天文地球—天文学] P354[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] V524