我国应对近地小行星撞击风险和动能撞击偏转研究的若干进展  

China Response to Risk of NEA and Kinetic Energy Impact Deflection Researches:Retrospect and Prospect

作　　者：龚自正[1,2] 宋光明 陈川[1] 张品亮[1] 刘文近[3] 张庆明 龙荣仁[3] GONG Zizheng;SONG Guangming;CHEN Chuan;ZHANG Pinliang;LIU Wenjin;ZHANG Qingming;LONG Renrong(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Institute of Space Science and Technology,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,Liaoning,China;State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094 [2]辽宁大学空间科学与技术研究院,辽宁沈阳110036 [3]北京理工大学爆炸科学与技术国家重点试验室,北京100081

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2024年第5期11-23,共13页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：国防科工局“十三五”民用航天技术预研资助项目(D020304);国防科工局“十四五”空间碎片和近地小行星防御科研资助项目(KJSP2023020301,KJSP2020020101);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(12232009)。

摘　　要：近地小行星(NEA)撞击地球是人类长期面临的重大潜在威胁,基于监测预警和风险评估,实施在轨处置是防范化解NEA撞击风险的最佳途径。本文概述了国际近地小行星撞击风险应对的现状与发展趋势,介绍了2020年我国启动应对近地小行星撞击风险工作以来的主要进展。着重从实验、数值仿真和理论建模3个方面介绍了我国在动能撞击偏转在轨处置技术研究的若干进展,展望了我国即将实施的首次近地小行星动能撞击防御演示验证任务,提出了在轨处置体系能力与技术深化研究建议。Near-Earth Asteroid(NEA)impact on the Earth is a major potential catastrophic threat to humanity for a long time.Based on monitoring,early warning and risk assessment,in-orbit disposal(active defense)is the best way to prevent and resolve the NEA impact risk.This paper provides an overview of the current situation and development trends of international response to risk of NEA,and introduces the main work progress since China launched the NEA impact risk response project since 2020.The research progresses on kinetic energy impact deflection technology in China from the aspects of experiment,numerical simulation and theoretical modeling were highlighted.The first demonstration and verification mission of NEA kinetic impact defense in China is prospected,and suggestions for the further development of the capability and technologies for NEA defense on-orbit disposal was put forward.

关 键 词：近地小行星(NEA) 风险应对 动能撞击偏转 中国研究进展 

分 类 号：V57[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]