空间绳网捕获碰撞动力学分析与优化  

Collision Dynamics Analysis and Optimization of Space Tether-net Capture

作　　者：董淼 王宸 朱锦耀 陈金宝[1,2,3] 鲁超宇 DONG Miao;WANG Chen;ZHU Jinyao;CHEN Jinbao;LU Chaoyu(School of Astronautics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,Jiangsu,China;National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Mechanism,Nanjing 211016,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Mechanism for Deep Space Planet Surface Exploration,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Nanjing 211016,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航天学院,江苏南京210016 [2]宇航空间机构全国重点实验室,江苏南京211016 [3]深空星表探测机构技术工信部重点实验室,江苏南京211016

出　　处：《上海航天（中英文）》2024年第5期104-112,共9页Aerospace Shanghai（Chinese&English）

基　　金：江苏省基础研究计划(BK20210297);第八届青托工程(2022QNRC001);国家自然科学基金(52075242);国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金集成资助项目(U21B6002)。

摘　　要：逐年增加的太空碎片以及失效卫星对空间轨道资源的可使用性和可持续性构成了极大威胁。空间绳网捕获作为一种新型高效的太空碎片清除方式,其核心部件——绳网系统的设计与优化是在轨捕获任务圆满完成的重要前提。本文重点关注空间绳网系统与目标物的碰撞过程,基于有限元法和赫兹理论建立空间绳网系统动力学和绳网-目标碰撞动力学模型,利用Abaqus对空间绳网不同构型及参数的捕获碰撞过程进行了仿真分析,借助Design-Expert在网目形状确定的基础上设计了三因素的响应曲面实验,经过多组实验数据的交互响应分析与优化,得到了最优的绳网构型以及参数。经过仿真验证,该绳网系统的最大接触法向力为83.9 N,最大滑移量为14.379 mm,最大弹性应变能为836.4 J,与优化目标量之间的差值均在7%以内。该优化策略减小了绳网捕获碰撞过程的接触法向力与滑移量,能够降低捕获过程中绳网缠绕、撕裂等意外发生的概率,同时保障了足够的弹性应变能以满足能量缓冲的要求,对空间绳网构型及参数设计具有一定的参考价值,可为空间在轨捕获任务提供安全可靠的保障。The increasing amount of space debris and defunct satellites poses a significant threat to the usability and sustainability of orbital resources in space.Space tether-net capture is a novel and effective removal method,and the design and optimization of its core component,i.e.,the space tether-net system,is an important prerequisite for the successful completion of on-orbit capture missions.Focusing on the collision process between the space tether-net system and the target,the dynamics of the space tether-net system and the dynamic model for tether-net-to-target collision are established based on the finite element method and Hertz theory.The captured collision process for different configurations and parameters of the space tether-net is simulated and analyzed by Abaqus.Meanwhile,with the help of Design-Expert,a three-factor response surface experiment is designed on the basis of mesh shape determination.After the interactive response analysis and optimization of several sets of experimental data,the optimal mesh configuration and parameters are obtained.The simulation verifies that the maximum contact normal force is 83.9 N,the maximum slip is 14.379 mm,and the maximum elastic strain energy is 836.4 J,which are all within 7%of the optimal target values.The optimization strategy reduces the contact normal force and slip displacement during thecollision process of tether-net capture,decreases the probability of accidental entanglement or tearing of the tether-netduring the capture process,and ensures sufficient elastic strain energy to meet the requirements for energy buffering.This approach provides valuable insights for the design of space tether-net configurations and parameters,offering a safeand reliable guarantee for space on-orbit capture missions.

关 键 词：空间绳网 捕获碰撞 动力学分析 多目标多参数优化 

分 类 号：V476.5[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]