陪读会促进农村女性非农就业吗?——来自中国农村母亲的证据  

Will Accompanying School Promote Non-agricultural Employment for Rural Women?——Evidence from Chinese Rural Mothers

作　　者：刘诗羽 罗必良 LIU Shiyu;LUO Biliang

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学国家农业制度与发展研究院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期112-129,共18页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目“乡村振兴战略实施中政府与市场的关系及其协调研究”(71933004);国家自然科学基金青年项目“非农转移、代际转换与农地撂荒发生机理研究”(72203064)。

摘　　要：教育是实现社会流动的重要途径。在乡村实施“撤点并校”改革之后,送子女进城接受教育,即教育城镇化已逐渐成为农村家庭的重要选择。然而,这种教育投资往往以牺牲陪读母亲的职业发展为代价。本文基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据进行实证分析,结果表明:(1)农村母亲陪读现象较为普遍,并且随着城镇等级的提升呈现增强的趋势;(2)教育城镇化伴生的陪读行为,显著抑制了陪读母亲非农就业的概率,对其非农就业影响的替代效应大于收入效应;(3)异质性分析表明,陪读对母亲非农就业的作用效应受到教育程度、年龄阶段和所处地理区位的影响;(4)长期来看,农村母亲的陪读经历促进了其人力资本提升,有助于其参与非农就业。总体而言,由于农村学生就读学校所在地的就业机会有限且家庭照料负担沉重,短期内陪读母亲就近务工及全家进城安居的可能性较低。本文有助于增进对中国教育城镇化过程中出现的“教育进城、家庭未进城”现象及其关联问题的理解。Education is an important way to achieve social mobility.Following the implementation of the“point withdrawal and school merging”reform in rural education,sending children to cities for schooling,namely education urbanization,has gradually become a necessary choice for rural families.However,such educational investments often come at the expense of the career development of mothers who accom-pany their children to school.Based on data from Chinese Family Tracking Survey(CFPS),this article finds that:(1)The phenomenon of rural mothers accompanying their children to school is common,with a trend of increasing prevalence as urban level improves;(2)Accompanying children to school,as a part of rural education urbanization,significantly suppresses the non-agricultural employment of these mothers,and the substitution effect outweighs the income effect;(3)Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the non-agricultural employment of accompanying school mothers is influenced by their education level,age,and geographical location;(4)In the long run,the accompanying experience of rural mothers has promoted their human capital improvement and helped them participate in non-agricultural employment.Overall,due to limited employment opportunities near the schools and the heavy burden of family care,the chances of these mothers finding work nearby and ensuring the family’s dignified life in the city remain lower.This article helps to enhance our understanding of the phenomenon of“education entering the city,but families not entering the city”in the process of urbanization in China's education and its related issues.

关 键 词：教育城镇化 母亲陪读 女性非农就业 阶层流动 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济] F249.2[社会学] C913.68