非标准农产品评价制度:地方市场传统及其当代变迁  

Evaluation Institution of Non-standard Agricultural Products:Local Market Tradition and Its Contemporary Changes

作　　者：谢勇 XIE Yong

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院 [2]西北农林科技大学陕西省乡村治理与社会建设协同创新研究中心

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期150-163,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：许多农产品具有非标准化的显著特征,其如何定价是个重要的社会问题。本文在商品评价的理论框架下,以农产品价格最初形成的基层市场为田野点,考察地方市场农产品评价制度及其当代变迁,以此透视当前农产品交易中的不平等问题。宁夏南部一个活畜交易市场中,评价型经纪人、评价的知识技能和评价的技术手段共同构成了当地市场的农产品评价制度。该评价制度在将非标准农产品转化为标准价格的同时,充分呈现了地方市场公平价格、有序竞争和文明交易的价值与理念。从历史的角度看,该制度有着悠久的传统,政府一度通过评价制度管理地方市场,但随着市场权力逐渐成为主导农产品评价的核心力量,外来客商通过控制评价型经纪人、引入新评价标准并改变讨价还价评价技术,掌握并改变了传统农产品评价方式。新评价制度更多地反映了外来客商的利益,逐渐丧失了原本丰富的道德含义。新评价制度组织下的农产品交易体现了交易主体权力关系的不平等,商贩和农民等弱势群体成为利益受损者。农产品评价需要政府力量的积极参与,借鉴传统地方市场制度,制定合理的评价标准、评价方式和评价制度,平衡交易主体之间的利益分配,促进农村产业和农村市场的健康发展。Many agricultural products exhibit significant non-standardized characteristics,and how to price non-standard agricultural products is an important social issue.Under the theoretical framework of commodity evaluation,this paper focuses on grassroots market where agricultural product prices are ini-tially formed,and examines the evaluation institution for agricultural products in local market and its con-temporary changes,so as to see through the inequality in current agricultural product transactions.Through the fieldwork in the Ningnan Livestock Trading Market,the study found that evaluation-based brokers,evaluation knowledge and skills,and technical evaluation means collectively constitute the local market's agricultural commodity evaluation institution.In transforming non-standard agricultural products into standard prices,this evaluation institution fully presents the values and concepts of fair prices,order-ly competition and civilized trading in the local market.From a historical point of view,the system has a long tradition,and the state once managed the local market through this evaluation institution.However,with the market forces have emerged as the dominant influence on agricultural products evaluation,foreign merchants have altered traditional t evaluation practice by controlling the evaluation brokers,introducing new standards,and changing bargaining techniques.The new evaluation system increasingly reflects more on the interests of foreign merchants,gradually eroding the original moral significance of evaluations.Ag-ricultural product transactions organized under this new evaluation system reflect the inequality of power relations among trading subjects,with disadvantaged groups such as traders and farmers becoming losers.To rectify these issues,the evaluation of agricultural products requires active participation of government forces,drawing on the traditional local market system to formulate reasonable evaluation standards,meth-ods and institution,to balance interest distribution among trading sub

关 键 词：非标准农产品 地方市场 评价制度 经纪人 讨价还价 

分 类 号：F323.7[经济管理—产业经济]