回归保障功能:农民耕地抛荒行为的一种解释——基于湖北省T村的案例研究  

Return to the Security Function:an Explanation for Peasants'Land Abandonment——Based on a Case Study of T Village in Hubei

作　　者：黄振华 张海超 HUANG Zhenhua;ZHANG Haichao

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期164-179,共16页Journal of China Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“健全家户治理功能与新时代乡村治理体系完善研究”(22AZZ007)。

摘　　要：耕地对于农民而言具有社会保障功能。基于农民理性和社会化小农理论,提炼形成“社会保障理性”分析框架,用以解释耕地抛荒,进而提出治理耕地抛荒的“集体统一经营路径”。研究认为,在社会保障理性下,外出务工的农民将耕地经营视为“最后的救济与保障”,更重视流转的安全性而非流转收入,因而宁肯抛荒也不轻易将耕地流转给他人;退出劳务市场的农民则将耕地经营视为“稳定的保障性收入来源”,并不大规模流转他人耕地以实现规模化经营,整体上非粮户弃耕耕地面积远大于种粮户流转面积,由此耕地出现大规模抛荒。村集体统一经营耕地能够以规模化种植优势为耕地经营带来增量收益,使所有农户获得更高的保障性收入。“集体统一经营路径”契合农民的社会保障理性,是治理耕地抛荒的一种有效途径。In the new journey of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way,cultivated land serves as a social security for peasants.This research develops an analytical framework of the“social se-curity rationality for farmers”based on research into farmers'rationality and socialized small-scale farm-ers.It explains the causes behind the large-scale abandonment of cultivated land and puts forward a“col-lective unified management path”of cultivated land abandonment.The study believes that,under the ra-tionality of social security,farmers who migrate for work regard their farmland as a“last relief and securi-ty”,prioritizing the safety of land circulation over circulation income.Consequently,they tend to aban-don the wasteland rather than transfer it to people outside the village.Additionally,farmers who have withdrawn from the labor market viewed cultivated land as a“stable source of guaranteed income”and are reluctant to transfer significant amounts of cultivated for large-scale operations.This results in a situation where the abandoned area of cultivated land is much larger than the circulation area of cultivated land,a large amount of cultivated land in rural areas is abandoned.Implementing collective and unified manage-ment of cultivated land can enhance the safety of cultivated land circulation,leverage large-scale planting advantages to provide farmers with equity dividends higher than market circulation income,and create sta-ble employment opportunities to obtain higher social security levels.This approach is in line with the so-cial security rationality of farmers and offers a viable solution to the issue of large-scale abandonment.

关 键 词：耕地抛荒 社会保障理性 集体统一经营路径 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]