不同种植模式对柠条种实害虫危害的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Patterns on Damage of Caragana spp.Seed Pests

作　　者：马静 丁荣荣 张大治[1] MA Jing;DING Rongrong;ZHANG Dazhi(School of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2024年第20期64-68,共5页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860619,31560611);自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310749085)。

摘　　要：在宁夏荒漠沙化区,人工固沙先锋植物柠条的常见种植模式有散生种植、条带化种植和密集种植3种。目前,已报道该区域柠条上的种实害虫主要有豆荚螟、柠条豆象和柠条种子小蜂3种。为了探明不同种植模式对柠条种实害虫种群危害的影响,2022年在宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区内选择3种种植模式下的柠条林,采用随机抽样调查法研究了3种种实害虫的危害状况。结果表明,不同种植模式下种实害虫对柠条的危害率存在差异,其中:以密集种植模式下豆荚危害率最高,其他2种种植模式相对较低;以散生种植模式下豆粒危害率最低,其他2种种植模式之间相差不大。在不同种植模式下,均以豆荚螟对豆粒的危害最严重,其中散生种植模式下豆粒危害率最低,显著低于条带化种植模式和密集种植模式;而在不同种植模式之间,柠条种子小蜂和柠条豆象的豆粒危害率均差异不显著。说明种植模式影响柠条种实害虫的发生,斑块化密集种植模式下种实害虫的危害最严重,而与其他沙生植物混合散生种植模式下种实害虫的危害最轻。Caragana spp.,a pioneer plant for artificial sand fixation in the desert desertification area of Ningxia,has three common planting patterns(scattered planting,strip planting and intensive planting).At present,three species of seed pests have been reported on Caragana spp.in this area,mainly include Etiella zinckenella,Kytorhinus immixtus and Bruchophagus neocaraganae.In order to explore the effects of different planting patterns on the population damage of Caragana spp.seed pests,three kinds of Caragana spp.forest planted in Baijitan National Nature Reserve of Lingwu,Ningxia were selected in 2022,and the damage status of three kinds of Caragana spp.seed pests was studied by random sampling.The results showed that the damage rate of seed pests to Caragana spp.under different planting patterns was different.Among them,the damage rate to pods was the highest under the intensive planting pattern,and relatively low under the other two planting patterns.The damage rate to the grain was the lowest under the scattered planting pattern,and there was little difference between the other two planting patterns.Under different planting patterns,Etiella zinc-kenella had the most serious damage to the grain.Among them,Etiella zinckenella had the lowest damage rate to the grain under scattered planting pattern,which was significantly lower than those under strip planting pattern and intensive planting pattern.However,under different planting patterns,there was no significant difference in the damage rates to the grain of Bruchophagus neocaraganae and Kytorhinus immixtus.The planting pattern of Caragana spp.affected the occurrence of seed pests.The damage of seed pests was the most serious under the patched intensive planting pattern,while the damage of seed pests was the lowest under the scattered planting pattern mixed with other psammophytes.

关 键 词：柠条 种实害虫 种植模式 危害率 宁夏荒漠沙化区 

分 类 号：S793.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]