2022年北京冬奥会雪车项目推橇启动速度与比赛成绩的关系分析  

Push-Start Speed in Relation to Race Results in the Bobsleigh&Skeleton Events at the BeijingWinter Olympic Games 2022

作　　者：史衍[1] 吴迎[2] 王硕 Shi Yan;Wu Ying;Wang Shuo(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084 [3]河北体育学院,河北石家庄050041

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2024年第9期22-25,共4页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“冬季潜优势及落后项目国际化训练平台关键技术研究与示范:冬季技巧类运动项目专项国际化训练平台关键技术研究与应用”(项目编号:2018YFF0300902);国家体育总局运动能力评价与研究综合重点实验室。

摘　　要：目的:分析2022年北京冬奥会上雪车项目优秀运动员的推橇启动速度、赛道适应性及比赛成绩的变化规律,探索国外优秀运动员的程序化参赛模式,以期为中国雪车运动员的训练提供理论支持。方法:采用文献资料法、观察法、专家访谈法和数理统计法等研究方法,收集国际训练周内国外优秀男子和女子雪车运动员的滑行数据,包括出发时间、推橇启动速度和区间速度等,运用SPSS 22.0进行数据分析,并通过专家访谈进一步探讨影响比赛成绩的关键因素。结果:雪车比赛成绩受推橇启动速度、赛道选择和滑行技术的多重影响;优秀运动员通常采用“先快后慢再快”的推橇启动策略,结合赛道特性逐步优化滑行路线;不同运动员在适应赛道时的速度控制节奏与其最终成绩有显著相关性;男子和女子运动员的启动速度和区间速度均表现出阶段性的波动和稳定性,尤其在比赛节奏的掌控上体现出明显优势。结论:推橇启动速度与比赛成绩密切相关,但启动速度过快未必带来最佳成绩。运动员需要通过赛道试滑调整启动速度和滑行路线,合理平衡速度与技术,以达到最优成绩。国外运动员的程序化参赛模式对赛道适应性有较大帮助。建议:中国雪车运动员应借鉴国外优秀运动员的程序化训练模式,重点关注启动速度与滑行路线的匹配,提升赛道适应性和滑行技术,以备战未来国际赛事。OBJECTIVE:This study aims to analyze the variations in push-start speed,track adaptability,and race results of elite athletes in the bobsleigh&skeleton events at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games 2022.Additionally,it seeks to explore the systematic competition models of outstanding foreign athletes,providing theoretical support for the training of Chinese bobsleigh&skeleton athletes.METHODS:Utilizing literature research method,observation,expert interviews,and statistical analysis,the study gathered sliding data from exceptional male and female bobsleigh&skeleton athletes during international training weeks.These data included start times,push-start speeds,and interval speeds.Analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0,with expert interviews further investigating key factors influencing race results.RESULTS:Bobsleigh&skeleton race results are influenced by multiple factors,including push-start speed,track selection,and sliding technique.Elite athletes typically adopt a“fast-slow-fast”push-start strategy,progressively optimizing their sliding routes based on track characteristics.The rhythm of speed control during track adaptation shows a significant correlation with final results among different athletes.Both male and female athletes exhibit phase fluctuations and stability in their push-start and interval speeds,particularly demonstrating clear advantages in managing race rhythm.CONCLUSION:Push-start speed is closely linked to race results;however,an excessively fast start does not always lead to optimal performance.Athletes must adjust their push-start speed and sliding routes through practice slides,achieving a reasonable balance between speed and technique for the best results.The systematic competition models of foreign athletes greatly enhance track adaptability.SUGGESTION:Chinese bobsleigh&skeleton athletes should adopt the systematic training models of successful foreign athletes,focusing on aligning push-start speed with sliding routes to improve track adaptability and sliding techniques in preparation for

关 键 词：雪车 推橇启动速度 赛道选择 滑行技术 比赛成绩 程序化参赛 

分 类 号：C863.2[社会学—统计学]