高温烟气热触杀土壤病草害装备设计与试验  

Design and experiment of device for controlling soil-borne diseases and weeds by high temperature flue gas

作　　者：刘新新 李硕硕 李刚[1,2,3] 贺超 李鹏飞[1,2,3] 潘晓慧 高飞[4] 刘亮 兰明明[1,2,3] 焦有宙 LIU Xinxin;LI Shuoshuo;LI Gang;HE Chao;LI Pengfei;PAN Xiaohui;GAO Fei;LIU Liang;LAN Mingming;JIAO Youzhou(College of Mechanical&Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Low-carbon Agricultural Intelligent Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Henan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州450002 [2]农业农村部农村可再生能源新材料与装备重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]河南省低碳农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [4]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450046 [5]河南工程学院机械工程学院,河南郑州451191

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2024年第5期826-837,共12页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：中原科技创新领军人才资助项目(234200510029);河南省重大科技专项(221100110100);河南省级科技研发计划联合基金项目(222103810027)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对农作物秸秆和根茬直接还田导致农田病草害加剧问题,设计了一种高温烟气热触杀土壤病草害装备,以实现秸秆和根茬能源化利用与土传病草害绿色防控的有机结合。【方法】装备主要由进料系统、炉膛、空气预热器、热触杀系统、供风系统和控制系统等组成,并对所设计装备的炉膛、预热器及热触杀烟道等关键部件进行了设计验证。【结果】在进料量约为360 kg·h^(-1)条件下,装备能够稳定燃烧,炉膛温度最高达到500℃以上,出料口土壤温度为(72.6±6.0)℃。依据热平衡试验,装备热效率约为48.7%;经田间试验验证,该灭杀工艺对杂草雀麦的灭杀率达95.5%以上,下茬玉米茎基腐病的病情指数下降了34.10。【结论】经设计验证后的装备能够稳定燃烧,土壤热触杀后的温度满足灭杀需求,草害得到有效控制,玉米病情指数显著降低,为田间病草害热物理防控提供了理论和技术支持。【Objective】To address the intensification of soil-borne diseases and pests caused by the indiscriminate return of crop residues and straw,a device utilizing high-temperature flue gas generated from the combustion of crop residues and straw is designed for thermal treatment of the soil to realize the organic combination of on-site energy utilization of crop residues and straw with environment-friendly control of soil-borne diseases and pests.【Method】The device consists mainly of a feeding system,furnace,air preheater,thermal treatment system,air supply system,and control system,and the key components such as furnace,preheater and thermal treatment flue were verified.【Result】Under a feeding rate of approximately 360 kg·h^(-1),the equipment achieved stable combustion without emitting black smoke.The furnace temperature reached over 500℃,and the outlet soil temperature was(72.6±6.0)℃.Based on thermal balance experiments,the equipment exhibited a thermal efficiency of about 48.7%.Field experiments validated the efficacy of the treatment process,achieving a killing rate of over 95.5%for weeds like wild oats and a 34.1%reduction in the disease index of corn stem base rot.【Conclusion】The equipment,after design verification,is capable of stable combustion,and the temperature of the soil after thermal treatment meets the requirements for elimination,effectively controll of weeds,and significant reduction of the corn disease index.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the combustion of crop residues and straw to eliminate soil-borne diseases and pests.

关 键 词：根茬燃烧 装备设计 热物理触杀 土传病害 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]