中青年人群肺炎球菌疫苗接种情况及其影响因素分析  

Analysis of pneumococcal vaccination status and its influencing factors among young and middle-aged populations:an online survey

作　　者：陈紫颖 周思佳 江欣 刘文 马宇航 王凯 戴智翔 汤舒涵 郑程希 胡建利 彭志行[1,4] CHEN Ziying;ZHOU Sijia;JIANG Xin;LIU Wen;MA Yuhang;WANG Kai;DAI Zhixiang;TANG Shuhan;ZHENG Chengxi;HU Jianli;PENG Zhihang(School of Public Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China;Institute of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanjing 210009,China;Jiangsu Provincial Health Emergency Engineering Research Center,Nanjing 210009,China;National Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Traceability Early Warning and Intelligent Decision,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学公共卫生学院,南京211166 [2]江苏省疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制所,南京210009 [3]江苏省卫生应急工程研究中心,南京210009 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2024年第8期959-963,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82320108018)。

摘　　要：目的了解中青年人群肺炎球菌疫苗接种情况及其影响因素,为推进肺炎球菌疫苗接种工作提供参考依据。方法于2023年5—8月采取多阶段随机整群抽样方法从江西省南昌市、湖南省长沙市和云南省昆明市抽取5928名19~59岁常住居民进行肺炎球菌疫苗接种情况的线上问卷调查。结果最终纳入分析的4895名中青年人群中,仅833人近5年接种过肺炎球菌疫苗,肺炎球菌疫苗接种率为17.02%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,45~59岁、农、林、牧、渔业生产人员、专业技术人员、吸烟、对肺炎球菌性疾病及疫苗认知情况一般、对肺炎球菌疫苗信任程度一般和良好中青年人群的肺炎球菌疫苗接种率较高,文化程度高中/中专/技校及以上和办事人员及有关人员中青年人群的肺炎球菌疫苗接种率较低;中青年人群接种肺炎球菌疫苗的前3位原因依次为可以预防疾病(75.87%)、可以保护家人和同事(57.38%)和政府及卫生行政部门建议接种(43.22%),未接种肺炎球菌疫苗的前3位原因依次为担心接种后有不良反应(42.22%)、没时间去接种(28.19%)和认为疫苗效果有限(25.11%),最有可能改变接种意愿的前3位因素依次为疫苗免费/有优惠(46.63%),担心感染肺炎影响家人和同事(46.53%)和政府及卫生行政部门建议接种(45.89%)。结论中青年人群肺炎球菌疫苗的接种率较低,年龄、文化程度、职业、吸烟情况以及对肺炎球菌性疾病及疫苗的认知情况和信任程度是该人群接种肺炎球菌疫苗的主要影响因素,应采取综合政策措施尤其是建议出台肺炎球菌疫苗相关优惠政策来推进疫苗接种工作。Objective To understand the pneumococcal vaccination status and its influencing factors among young and middle-aged populations,and provide reference for promoting pneumococcal vaccination.Methods From May to August 2023,a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 5928 residents aged 19–59 years old from Nanchang city in Jiangxi province,Changsha city in Hunan province,and Kunming city in Yunnan province for an online questionnaire survey on pneumococcal vaccination status.Results Among the 4895 young and middle-aged people finally included in the analysis,only 833 had received pneumococcal vaccine in the past 5 years,with a pneumococcal vaccine uptake rate of 17.02%;multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the pneumococcal vaccine uptake rates were higher among those aged 45–59 years old,agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery production personnel,professional and technical personnel,smokers,those with general knowledge of pneumococcal diseases and vaccines,and those with general and good trust in pneumococcal vaccines,while the uptake rates were lower among those with high school/technical secondary school education or above and office clerks and related personnel;the top three reasons for pneumococcal vaccination among young and middle-aged people were disease prevention(75.87%),protecting family and colleagues(57.38%),and government and health administration recommending vaccination(43.22%),while the top three reasons for not receiving pneumococcal vaccine were worrying about adverse reactions after vaccination(42.22%),no time for vaccination(28.19%),and believing that the vaccine had limited effectiveness(25.11%),and the top three factors most likely to change vaccination willingness were free/discounted vaccines(46.63%),worrying about the impact of pneumonia infection on family and colleagues(46.53%),and government and health administration recommending vaccination(45.89%).Conclusion The pneumococcal vaccine uptake rate among young and middle-aged

关 键 词：肺炎球菌疫苗 接种情况 影响因素 中青年人群 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]