濒危植物秦岭石蝴蝶传粉生物学与繁育系统研究  

Pollination biology and breeding system of endangered plant Petrocosmea qinlingensis

作　　者：胡佳 蒋景龙[1,2,3] 程文娜 魏丽娜 王勇 胡凤成[5] 邓茜茜[1,2,3] 李耘 HU Jia;JIANG Jinglong;CHENG Wenna;WEI Lina;WANG Yong;HU Fengcheng;DENG Xixi;LI Yun(School of Biological Sciences and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources,Hanzhong 723000,China;QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development Collaborative Innovation Center,Hanzhong 723000,China;Hanzhong City Wildlife Conservation and Management Station,Hanzhong 723000,China;Nursery of Lueyang County,Hanzhong 724310,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学生物科学与工程学院,汉中723000 [2]陕西省资源生物重点实验室,汉中723000 [3]陕南秦巴山区生物资源综合开发协同创新中心,汉中723000 [4]汉中市野生动植物保护管理站,汉中723000 [5]略阳县林木种苗工作站,汉中724310

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第19期8595-8604,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：秦岭石蝴蝶人工繁育及野外回归研究项目(208023541,208023719)。

摘　　要：秦岭石蝴蝶(Petrocosmea qinlingensis)是秦岭地区特有的国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物,处于濒危状态。以野生、人工培育的秦岭石蝴蝶居群为对象,通过观察和人工授粉实验对其传粉生物学及繁育系统进行研究。结果表明:(1)秦岭石蝴蝶种群花期为7月初—9月底,正值汉中多雨季节,影响授粉;花冠筒较深,不利于昆虫授粉,柱头位置高于花药,需要传粉者协助授粉。(2)柱头在花药开裂前具有可授性,柱头在第4—6天可授性最强,花粉活力第5天达到峰值,花粉和柱头虽有重叠期,但重叠期较短,仅为1—2 d。(3)访花昆虫平均访花频率较低、每朵访花停留时间较短,阴雨天气严重影响昆虫访花行为。(4)繁育系统检测与套袋实验结果显示,花粉胚珠比(P/O)为77.92,杂交指数(OCI)为4,秦岭石蝴蝶繁育系统以自交亲和为主,与异交并存的混合交配型系统,不存在无融合生殖现象,传粉者在传粉过程发挥极其重要作用。(5)种子萌发试验表明,秦岭石蝴蝶自然条件下萌发率较低,仅为23.33%。以上结果表明,秦岭石蝴蝶传粉对昆虫依赖性较高,受天气影响较大,花粉和柱头活力重叠期较短,自然条件下种子萌发率低,这些因素可能是导致秦岭石蝴蝶濒危的主要原因。Petrocosmea qinlingensis is a Class-ⅡNational Key Protected Wild Plant distributed in the Qingling Mountains,which is in an endangered state.The pollination biology and breeding system of P.qinlingensis with wild or artificially cultivated were studied using observations and artificial pollination experiments.The results show that:(1)The flowering period of the P.qinlingensis population is from the beginning of July to the end of September,which coincides with the rainy season in Hanzhong,resulting in pollination failed.The corolla tube is deeper,which is not conducive to insect pollination,The stigma is higher than the anthers,needing pollinator assistance in pollination.(2)The stigma has the receptive before the anthers dehiscence,and the highest level of receptive is from the fourth to sixth day.Pollen viability reaches the peak on the 5th day.Although there is an overlapping period between pollen and stigma,the overlapping period is too short,only 1—2 days.(3)The average frequency of flower visiting insects is low,and the residence time of each flower visiting is short,which seriously affected the flower visiting behavior of insects in rainy weather.(4)The results of breeding system testing and bagging experiment show that pollen-ovule ration(P/O)is about 77.92,and the hybridization index(OCI)is 4.P.qinlingensis is a mixed-crossing system using self-compatibility as the main breeding form and concomitance out-crossing and there was no apomixis.Pollinators play an extremely important role during the pollination process.(5)The seed germination test show that the germination rate of P.qinlingensis is low under natural conditions,only 23.33%.The above results indicate that the pollination of P.qinlingensis is highly dependent on insects,greatly affected by weather,The overlap period of pollen and stigma activity is too short,and the seed germination rate is low under natural conditions,which may be the key reasons for the endangerment of P.qinlingensis.

关 键 词：秦岭石蝴蝶 开花物候 繁育系统 访花昆虫 濒危机制 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]