吉林蛟河阔叶红松林谱系多样性和功能多样性对采伐干扰的响应  

Response of phylogenetic and functional diversity to harvesting disturbance in the Korean pine⁃broadleaved forest

作　　者：岳庆敏 何怀江 张春雨[1] 赵秀海[1] 郝珉辉 YUE Qingmin;HE Huaijiang;ZHANG Chunyu;ZHAO Xiuhai;HAO Minhui(Research Center of Forest Management Engineering of State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing forestry university,Beijing 100083,China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China;Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences,Changchun 130013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学国家林业和草原局森林经营工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [2]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100085 [3]吉林省林业科学研究院,长春130013

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第19期8617-8626,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32201555)。

摘　　要：阔叶红松林是东北森林的典型代表,由于受到历史采伐干扰的影响,导致生态系统功能严重退化,威胁东北地区生态安全。生物多样性是生态系统功能形成和维持的重要基础,阐明采伐前后生物多样性的变化对于评估采伐干扰的影响、理解森林恢复过程具有重要意义,能够为森林生态修复与重建提供理论支持。谱系多样性和功能多样性是生物多样性的两个重要维度,然而传统的研究仍停留在物种数量层面,难以全面反映采伐干扰的影响。以吉林蛟河阔叶红松林采伐样地为对象,依托连续四次的样地清查数据,同时结合植物的系统发育和功能性状信息,探讨了不同强度采伐干扰对谱系多样性和功能多样性的影响,具体采伐设置包括:未采伐(对照),采伐15%胸高断面积(轻度采伐),采伐30%胸高断面积(中度采伐)以及采伐50%胸高断面积(重度采伐)。结果显示:①中、高强度的采伐干扰显著降低了森林谱系多样性和功能多样性,并且高强度干扰条件下森林多样性的恢复要更加困难;②采伐还影响着群落功能性状组成,随着采伐强度的增加,群落木质密度加权平均值上升而最大树高下降;③相较于采伐强度和采伐木断面积,保留木断面积与生物多样性的联系更加紧密,表明采伐后森林所达到的密度状态是影响生物多样性恢复的关键,当保留木断面积在18m^(2)/hm^(2)附近时,其与谱系多样性的关系出现显著拐点,应在阔叶红松林经营管理过程中受到更多重视。综上所述,谱系多样性和功能多样性为评价采伐的影响提供了新的视角,有助于更加全面地反映采伐干扰对生物多样性的影响,为阔叶红松林生态修复与多样性保护提供科学参照。Korean pine-broadleaved forest serves as a typical representative vegetation of the Northeast China.However,historical harvesting disturbances have resulted in severe ecological degradation,posing a threat to regional ecological security.Biodiversity plays a crucial role in the maintenance of ecosystem functions.Therefore,elucidating the changes in biodiversity pre-and post-harvesting is of great significance for assessing the impacts of harvesting disturbances and understanding the process of forest restoration.Phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity are two important facets of biodiversity.However,traditional research has focused on species diversity,making it difficult to comprehensively reflect on the impacts of harvest disturbance on biodiversity.This study was conducted in Korean pine-broadleaved forests in Jiaohe,Jilin Province.Based on the data obtained from four forest plots,integrating information about plant phylogeny and functional traits,the study explored the impacts of harvesting disturbance on phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity.The harvesting intensity of the four plots included no harvesting(control),harvest 15%of the basal area(light harvesting),harvest 30%of the basal area(moderate harvesting),and harvest 50%of the basal area(heavy harvesting).The results revealed that the medium and high intensity harvesting disturbance significantly reduced phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity.However,under medium disturbance conditions,forests diversity could recover in a short period of time,while the recovery was much slower under high intensity disturbance conditions.In addition,harvesting disturbance also influenced the community weighted mean of functional traits,the community weighted mean of wood density increased with harvesting intensity,while the community weighted mean of the maximum height decreased with harvesting intensity.Moreover,compared to harvesting intensity and basal area reduction,the relationship between basal area remaining and biodiversity was more sig

关 键 词：生物多样性 谱系多样性 功能多样性 采伐干扰 生态修复 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]