森林管理对东北次生林植被碳密度及其分配的影响  

Effect of forest management on the secondary forest vegetation carbon density and its distribution in Northeast of China

作　　者：郭万桂 张全智[1,2,3] 王传宽 王燕[1,2,3] GUO Wangui;ZHANG Quanzhi;WANG Chuankuan;WANG Yan(Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management Ministry of Education,Harbin 150040,China;School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生态研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [2]森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [3]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第19期8651-8660,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200401);国家自然科学基金项目(32071748)。

摘　　要：以东北东部山区4种管理梯度下相同演替年龄的森林群落为研究对象,包括天然次生林(WB)及在其冠下人工更新红松(Pinus koraiensis)的混交林(MA),并对MA进行透光抚育形成的择伐红松林(SK)和对SK适时疏伐形成的疏伐红松林(KT),其管理程度依次增强。采用样地清查结合异速生长方程法量化植被碳密度(VC)及其各组分碳密度;测定多样性、针阔比等群落特征和土壤氮、磷等养分特征,探究森林管理对植被碳密度的影响。结果表明:演替先锋优势种(PI)、演替后期优势种(LT)和林下植被层(UC)的碳密度在4种管理措施间存在显著差异,其中,LT由WB的9.39 t/hm^(2)增加到KT的107.02 t/hm^(2)。但是,伴生种的碳密度在4种管理措施间差异不显著,其碳密度波动范围为8.41—14.89 t/hm^(2)。VC随森林管理强度显著提升,其波动范围为96.34—135.40 t/hm^(2),VC年平均增长量波动范围为1.50—2.11 t hm-2 a-1,且在管理措施间存在显著差异。PI、LT和UC占植被总碳密度的比例在4种管理措施间存在显著差异,其中PI的占比随着上述管理措施逐渐降低,而LT的占比显著升高(由WB的14.0%提升到KT的82.2%);植被残体与活体生物量碳密度之比以及地下与地上的生物量碳密度之比在4种管理措施间均存在显著差异,其比值的波动范围依次分别为0.05—0.13和0.24—0.30。乔木层碳密度与树种多样性存在显著负相关,而林下植被层碳密度与树种多样性呈显著正相关。并且VC与土壤氮储量、磷储量无显著相关性。这表明,在同一气候条件下,群落特征和树种组成是决定植被碳密度分异的重要因素,并且通过提升后期优势种占比的积极森林管理提升了东北次生林植被的碳密度和碳固持能力。This research focused on four same-succession-age forest communities under different management practices in the Northeast of China,including the natural secondary forests(WB),the mixed forests(MA)that the Korean Pine(Pinus koraiensis)was artificially regenerated under the WB canopy,the selective logged Korean Pine forests(SK)were formed by that all the successional pioneer species in MA were selected logging,thinning Korean Pine forests(KT)formed by timely thinning of SK.The management gradient of the four forest communities has gradually increased.To quantify vegetation carbon density(VC)and its distribution pattern,and to explore the effect mechanism of forest management on vegetation carbon density and its distribution pattern,we used a combination of site inventory and allometric growth equation method,determined the community characteristics such as biodiversity,the ratio of needle to broadleaf species,and soil nutrient characteristics such as nitrogen and phosphorus density.The results showed that there were significant differences in carbon density among the four management practices for successional pioneer species(PI),the late-successional dominant species(LT),and the understory vegetation(UC).Among them,LT increased from 9.39 t/hm^(2) in WB to 107.02 t/hm^(2) in KT.However,the carbon density of associated species had no significant differences among the four management practices,with a fluctuation range of 8.41 to 14.89 t/hm^(2).The VC was significantly increased with the intensity of forest management,with a fluctuation range of 96.34—135.40 t/hm^(2).The mean annual increment of VC fluctuates between 1.50—2.11 t hm-2 a-1,and there were significant differences among management practices.There were significant differences in the proportion of PI,LT,and UC to the VC of vegetation among the four management practices.The proportion of PI gradually decreased,while the proportion of LT significantly increased(from 14.0%of WB to 82.2%of KT)with management gradient.There were significant differences in the

关 键 词：温带森林 森林管理 碳密度 多样性 森林碳固持 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]