青藏铁路格-拉段沿线景观生态风险时空动态及其驱动机制  

Spatio⁃temporal dynamics and their driving mechanisms of the landscape ecological risk along the Golmud⁃Lhasa section of Qinghai⁃Tibet Railway

作　　者：沙清泉 黄麟[2] 樊江文[2] 张良侠 朱彤 沈梦琦 SHA Qingquan;HUANG Lin;FAN Jiangwen;ZHANG Liangxia;ZHU Tong;SHEN Mengqi(Key Laboratory of Carbon Source and Sink,China Meteorological Administration(ECSS-CMA),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局生态系统碳源汇开放重点实验室,南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第19期8726-8736,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600100)。

摘　　要：科学评估交通基础设施生态环境影响是当前研究的热点。选取景观生态风险指数作为道路生态环境效应评估指标,基于土地利用、遥感、气象、地形和社会经济等数据,评估了1990—2020年青藏铁路格-拉段沿线景观生态风险的时空变化特征,并结合最优参数地理探测器模型分析了景观生态风险的驱动因子。结果表明,青藏铁路格-拉段沿线地区整体景观生态风险较低,并呈现明显的东北部最高、中部较高而西南部最低的空间分布格局,且距铁路中心线越近,景观生态风险越高;青藏铁路格-拉段建设后,景观生态风险呈微弱上升态势,景观生态风险指数由建设前的0.29上升到建设后的0.30;同时,在青藏铁路格-拉段修建和运营期,沿线地区景观生态风险呈现持续增加态势,景观生态风险指数上升速率约为0.40%/a,且有沿铁路呈点和轴状扩散的趋势;景观生态风险的驱动因子主要为植被覆盖度、降水和海拔(q>0.44),其次为气温、经济发展和人口密度(q>0.13),且植被覆盖度与海拔和与温度的交互作用对景观生态风险的解释力最高(q>0.61),但在铁路运营期,经济发展和夜间灯光对景观生态风险的贡献率呈现增加趋势。这表明,青藏铁路格-拉段建设和运营带来的人类活动强度增加,加剧了青藏铁路格-拉段沿线地区的生态风险。研究结果可以深化对陆路交通生态环境影响的认识,为国家制定合理的道路修建策略提供科学依据。The scientific evaluation of the eco-environmental impacts of transportation infrastructure constitutes a hot research topic today.Numerous studies have emphasized how land-based transportation infrastructure profoundly alters ecosystem structures and functions,particularly in ecologically fragile regions.As the world′s highest and longest plateau railway,this region serves as an exemplary case study for elucidating the ecological ramifications of road construction and operation.Using a landscape ecological risk index,this study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of landscape ecological risk along the Golmud-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway from 1990 to 2020 according to land use,remote sensing,meteorological,topographic,and socioeconomic data.Subsequently,the underlying driving forces were analyzed utilizing the optimal parameters-based geographical Geodetector model.The results showed an overall low landscape ecological risk along the Golmud-Lhasa section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway,and the highest,moderate,and lowest risk in the northeast,middle,and southwest regions,respectively.Meanwhile,the closer to the railway centerline,the higher the landscape ecological risk,particularly in urban areas.The landscape ecological risk increased slightly after the construction of the railway,with the risk index increasing from 0.29 to 0.30,with a growth rate of approximately 0.40%/a,with the expansion pattern displaying point-and axis-aligned characteristics.Moreover,the increasing trend of landscape ecological risk is particularly pronounced in the northeastern,southwestern edge,and central regions.Simultaneously,the urban and non-urban areas overall showed a decreasing and an increasing trend in risk,respectively.The landscape ecological risk was mainly controlled by vegetation cover,precipitation,and elevation(q>0.44),followed by temperature,economic development,and population density(q>0.13).The interaction of vegetation cover with elevation and temperature had the highest explanatory power(q>0.61).Though t

关 键 词：景观生态风险 时空变化 生态影响 地理探测器 青藏铁路 

分 类 号：U212[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P901[天文地球—自然地理学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]