基于DNA宏条形码技术的杭州萧山国际机场家燕春夏食性分析及防治策略  

Dietary analysis and prevention suggestions of barn swallows in spring and summer in Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport based on DNA metabarcoding technology

作　　者：覃世迪 冯开道 孙佳祺 沈建 钟国恒 吕淼品 何珂 QIN Shidi;FENG Kaidao;SUN Jiaqi;SHEN Jian;ZHONG Guoheng;LYU Miaopin;HE Ke(College of Animal Science and Technology,College of Veterinary Medicine,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Hangzhou International Airport,Hangzhou 311207,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学动物科技学院·动物医学院,杭州311300 [2]杭州萧山国际机场,杭州311207

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第19期8854-8864,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：杭州萧山国际机场鸟情生态环境常规调研项目(2023—2025年)。

摘　　要：2022—2023年期间,杭州萧山国际机场累计鉴定鸟击残留物样本154例,涉及54种鸟类,其中家燕(Hirundo rustica)为出现频率最高的鸟种,共检测到9次,鸟击风险较高。为降低家燕对飞行安全的威胁,利用DNA宏条形码技术(DNA metabarcoding technology)检测肠道内容物,对机场春夏两季的家燕进行食性分析。同时结合机场调查数据,有效地掌握了家燕的食源分布。结合机场实地调研数据,研究结果发现麻蝇科、果蝇科、蚊科、丽蝇科、蝇科和灰蝶科都属于动物性食物,其中麻蝇科为主要食物,而滋养食源的相关植物有蔷薇科、禾本科、伞形科、千屈菜科、桑科、榆科、百合科和柏科,蔷薇科则是主要滋养物。通过α多样性指数比较发现,动物性食物多样性在夏季显著高于春季(Shannon指数,P<0.05),群落物种分布更均匀,而与家燕食源相关的植物丰富度在春季则显著高于夏季(Chao1和Observed_species指数,P<0.05),造成这种差异动态的因素可能是机场区域温度变化。通过β多样性指数比较发现,动物性食物和食物链相关植物组成差异在春、夏季不明显。针对家燕的食性组成以及食物资源的分布模式,我们建议机场应提高收割植物籽实频率,扩大收割面积,排查家燕营巢区域,规范水稻、大豆等作物种植,妥善处理机场垃圾,定期喷洒杀虫剂,设立昆虫诱捕装置,清理植草区虫卵虫蛹,以降低家燕鸟击事件的发生概率。与传统食性分析相比,通过DNA宏条形码技术比较了不同季节食性,补充了目前发现的家燕食物组成,并且对机场的鸟击防范政策实施具有指导意义。Between 2022 and 2023,a total of 154 samples containing residues from bird strikes were identified at Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport,encompassing 54 distinct avian species.Among these,Hirundo rustica emerged as the most frequently detected bird species,with a total of nine occurrences,indicating a significant risk of bird strikes.In order to mitigate the threat posed by barn swallows to aviation safety,DNA metabarcoding technology was employed for the analysis of their gastrointestinal contents and dietary preferences during spring and summer seasons at the airport.By integrating these findings with data obtained from airport surveys,a comprehensive understanding of the food source distribution of barn swallows was effectively attained.Based on comprehensive field surveys conducted at the airport,our results revealed that Sarcophagidae,Drosophilidae,Culicidae,Calliphoridae,Muscidae and Lycaenidae all constituted animal-based food sources;among these,Sarcophagidae was found to be the primary dietary component.Additionally,the plant families Rosaceae,Gramineae,Apiaceae,Lythraceae,Moraceae,Ulmaceae,Liliaceae and Cupressaceae served as supplementary nourishment sources for barn swallows;notably,Rosaceae was identified as their main nutrient provider.Theαdiversity index revealed a significant augmentation in the diversity of animal food during summer compared to spring(Shannon index,P<0.05),accompanied by a more equitable distribution of species within the community.Conversely,the plant richness associated with the dietary sources of barn swallows exhibited a remarkable increase in spring as opposed to summer(Chao1 and Observed_species index,P<0.05).The temperature fluctuations within the airport vicinity may potentially account for this divergent dynamics.Theβdiversity index revealed no statistically significant variation in the composition of animal food and food chain-related plants between spring and summer.Based on the dietary composition of barn swallows and the distribution pattern of food resources,

关 键 词：家燕 DNA宏条形码 肠道内容物 食性分析 机场鸟击 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]