白地黑花瓷黑彩的仿制及呈色研究  

Imitation and Coloration Study of Black Color in White-glazed Procelain with Black Decorative Patterns

作　　者：王芬[1] 赵馨怡 朱建锋[1] 罗宏杰[2] 冯篱 任肇 WANG Fen;ZHAO Xin-yi;ZHU Jian-feng;LUO Hong-jie;FENG Li;REN Zhao(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China;School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of Art and Design,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710021 [2]上海大学文化遗产与信息管理学院,上海200444 [3]陕西科技大学设计与艺术学院,西安710021

出　　处：《中国陶瓷》2024年第10期68-79,共12页China Ceramics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52272019)。

摘　　要：白地黑花瓷是先民创造性以低品位原料生产的一类绘画装饰瓷,在我国北方地区广为烧造,今天仍然有广泛的市场。其中的黑彩,多选自当地的贫铁矿烧成,但外观受多种因素影响。采用考古实验法,通过古瓷样品的测试分析,确定黑彩的组成与施彩工艺。后选用耀州窑陈炉当地制瓷原料,在电窑中以中性气氛烧成,仿烧了耀州窑白地黑花瓷黑彩;采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、色度仪、超景深显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微共聚焦激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)等测试分析探讨了烧成温度、彩料的Fe_(2)O_(3)含量、施釉厚度等黑彩呈色的影响。对比发现,仿烧样品基本达到明代白地黑花瓷黑彩的效果。研究结果有助于深入探讨耀州窑白地黑花瓷的地方特色的形成因素,为进一步认知古代白地黑花瓷的科学内涵及地域特色建立理论与实验基础。White-glazed procelain with black decorative patterns is a type of painted decorative porcelain creatively produced by our ancestors using low grade raw materials,which was widely fired in the northern part of China and still has a broad market today.The black color is often made from locally sourced low iron ores,but its appearance is influenced by various factors.In this study,the archaeological experimental method was used to determine the composition and coloring techniques of the black color by testing and analyzing ancient porcelain samples.After the selection of Yaozhou kiln Chenlu local porcelain raw materials,the porcelain was fired in an electric kiln under a neutral atmosphere to replicate the black color in white-glazed procelain with black decorative patterns of the Yaozhou kiln.X-ray fluorescence spectrometer(XRF),chromaticity meter,ultra-depth-of-field microscope,X-ray diffraction(XRD),microconfocal laser Raman spectrometry(Raman)and other tests were investigated to explore the effects of firing temperature,Fe_(2)O_(3) content in the coloring materials,and glaze thickness on the coloration of the black color.Comparative analysis revealed that the imitation samples closely achieved the effect of the black color of the Ming Dynasty white-glazed procelain with black decorative patterns.The results of this study contribute to a deeper exploration of the formation factors that the local characteristics of Yaozhou kiln white-glazed procelain with black decorative patterns,establishing a theoretical and experimental foundation for further understanding the scientific connotations and regional characteristics of ancient white-glazed procelain with black decorative patterns.

关 键 词：白地黑花瓷 制备工艺 耀州窑 化学组成 呈色机理 

分 类 号：TQ174.45[化学工程—陶瓷工业]