生物防治造福人类  

Biological control benefits mankind

作　　者：张古忍[1] 张文庆[1] 周强 胡建[2] 徐卫华[1] ZHANG Guren;ZHANG Wenqing;ZHOU Qiang;HU Jian;XU Weihua(State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Agriculture,Sun Yat-Sen University,Shenzhen 518107,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [2]中山大学农学院,深圳518107

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第9期1626-1640,共15页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

摘　　要：生物防治是植物保护绿色防控技术的核心组成部分,是我国有效控制农药用量、保障农业生产和生态环境安全、提高农产品质量、促进农业可持续发展的重要技术手段.已故中国科学院院士蒲蛰龙教授及其带领的团队深耕害虫生物防治领域,在多个方面作出卓越贡献.在天敌昆虫保育、挖掘与利用方面,以蓖麻蚕卵作为大量繁殖赤眼蜂的中间寄主,开创了大卵繁蜂的先例,并广泛推广应用于甘蔗螟虫的防治;繁殖释放平腹小蜂防治荔枝、龙眼害虫荔枝蝽,沿用至今;发掘利用黄猄蚁防治柑橘害虫的方法,继承和弘扬了祖国的文化遗产;挖掘稻虱缨小蜂种质资源,建立了可以用于规模化繁育的四室繁蜂法.在引进天敌防治害虫方面,先后完成了引进澳洲瓢虫和孟氏隐唇瓢虫防治介壳虫;建议从松突圆蚧原产地引进花角蚜小蜂防治松林新入侵害虫松突圆蚧.在利用昆虫病原微生物防治害虫方面,利用苏云金杆菌防治水稻害虫稻纵卷叶螟和三化螟以及卫生害虫致倦库蚊;利用松毛虫质多角体病毒防治马尾松毛虫;研制和商品化生产了斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒杀虫剂“虫瘟一号”;利用病毒基因组的突变,构建了多株高效核多角体病毒株;利用昆虫病原线虫防治花卉新入侵害虫蔗扁蛾.在害虫综合防治方面,实施“以发挥害虫天敌效能为主的害虫综合防治”,将水稻虫害控制在经济损失允许水平之下.在应用基础研究方面,阐明了保护利用天敌、充分发挥天敌效能的群落生态学机制;研究了腰带长体茧蜂与寄主的免疫互作机制;研发了基于RNAi的害虫生物防治新技术;系统研究了棉铃虫滞育的分子机制.害虫生物防治是一项系统工程,在所涉及的政府、商业部门、技术研究者、农技推广部门、广大消费者、农民等社会各方面中,农民是防治措施的最终执行者,只有加大对农民的培训、让�Biological control is an important part of green control technology for plant protection,and an important technical means to effectively control pesticide dosage,ensure agricultural production safety,agricultural product quality safety and ecological environment safety,and promote agricultural sustainable development.The late Professor Pu Zhelong,academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and his team have made outstanding contributions in the field of biological control for pests.In terms of reproduction,release,protection and use of natural enemies to control pests,based on the fully investigation of host selection and reproduction of Trichogramma,and the eggs of Philosamia cynthia ricini were used as the intermediate host for mass reproduction of Trichogramma,which set a precedent and was widely applied to the control of sugarcane borers.Breeding and releasing the wasps of Anastatus fulloi to control Tessaratoma papillosa,the litchi and longan insect pests,which has been used till now;It excavated,inherited and promoted the cultural heritage of the motherland that used Oecophyllas maragdina to control citrus pests.The technique of four-cell propagation for the large scale breeding of the Anagrus nilaparvatae was established.In the aspect of the introduction of natural enemies to control pests,the introduction of Rodolia cardinalis and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri to control scale insects had been completed.It was suggested to introduce Coccobius azumai from the origin to control Hemiberlesia pitysophila,the new invasive pest in pine forest.In the control of insect pests by entomopathogenic microorganisms,Bacillus thuringiensis was used to control rice pests such as Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Tryporyza incertulas and the mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.Dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was used to control Dendrolimus punctatus;The insecticide of nuclear polyhedrosis virus,″Chongwen I″,was developed and commercialized.Through the mutation of the virus genome or the introduction of

关 键 词：生物防治 害虫天敌 赤眼蜂 昆虫病原微生物 综合防治 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]