新疆古尔班通古特沙漠链霉菌:从可培养资源多样性到抗菌天然产物的生物合成潜力探索  

Streptomycetes in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang:from culturable resource diversity to exploring the biosynthetic potential of antimicrobial natural products

作　　者：李帅[1,2] 董雷 韩嘉瑞 史国源 连文慧 刘永红 李博翰 Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad 李文均 LI Shuai;DONG Lei;HAN JiaRui;SHI GuoYuan;LIAN WenHui;LIU YongHong;LI BoHan;Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad;LI WenJun(School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学生命科学学院,广州510275 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广州510642

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第9期1699-1718,共20页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(批准号:2022xjkk1200);国家自然科学基金(批准号:32000005,32270076);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:2023A1515012020)资助。

摘　　要：全球抗生素耐药性和新型抗菌药物短缺问题日益严峻,因此迫切需要发现新的或更有效的抗生素.沙漠生境蕴藏着丰富的链霉菌资源,是新型活性天然产物的重要潜在来源,但其在很大程度上仍未得到充分探索.本研究旨在深入挖掘新疆古尔班通古特沙漠中的可培养链霉菌资源,并探究其抗菌天然产物生物合成潜力.本文利用8种培养基对4份沙漠样品中的链霉菌进行分离、纯化和鉴定,随后对代表性链霉菌进行培养特征观察、次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇(biosynthetic gene cluster,BGC)预测和抗菌活性评价.研究结果显示,共分离得到469株链霉菌,占放线菌总菌株数的44.0%.从64株代表性链霉菌基因组中共预测得到1937个BGCs,分属于1068个基因簇家族(gene cluster family,GCF),其中97.5%的GCFs表现出较高的新颖性和次级代谢功能谱系多样性.此外,通过抗菌活性筛选,发现41株代表性链霉菌对至少一种临床病原菌具有拮抗作用,且其中2株具有广谱抗菌活性.这些发现表明,新疆古尔班通古特沙漠中蕴藏着极为丰富多样的可培养链霉菌资源,且绝大多数具有巨大的次级代谢产物生物合成潜力和较好的抗菌活性,为新型抗生素药物先导化合物的开发提供了重要依据和优良菌种来源.Antibiotic resistance is receiving increasing global concern,and the shortage of novel antimicrobial agents necessitates the discovery of new or more effective antibiotics.Desert habitats harbor abundant resources of streptomycetes,which serve as significant potential sources of novel bioactive natural products.However,these resources remain largely unexplored.This study aims to thoroughly explore the culturable actinobacteria,Streptomyces spp.in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang,China,and to investigate their potential for the biosynthesis of antimicrobial natural products.We isolated,purified,and identified Streptomyces spp.from four desert samples using eight different culture media.We subsequently conducted phenotypic observations,genomic prediction of the biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs),and antimicrobial activity evaluations on representative Streptomyces strains.In total,469 strains were isolated,accounting for 44.0%of the total isolates.From the genomes of 64 representative strains,1937 BGCs were predicted.They belonged to 1068 gene cluster families(GCFs),of which 97.5%exhibited high novelty and phylogenetic diversity for secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Additionally,antimicrobial screening revealed 41 representative strains to exhibit antagonistic activity against at least one clinically relevant pathogen,with two strains displaying broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.These findings demonstrate the exceptionally rich and diverse culturable resources of Streptomyces spp.in the Gurbantunggut Desert,the vast majority of which possess excellent potential for secondary metabolite biosynthesis and effective antimicrobial activity,thereby providing important foundations and strain sources for the isolation of novel antibiotics.

关 键 词：沙漠 链霉菌 可培养 天然产物生物合成 抗菌活性 

分 类 号：Q939.92[生物学—微生物学]