陕西旬邑西头遗址上庙地点北魏墓M75出土琥珀来源研究  

Study on the provenance of an amber ornament unearthed from Tomb M75 of the Northern Wei Dynasty at Shangmiao cemetery,Xitou site,Xunyi County,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：赵家宁 梁云[1] 艾昊 杜星雨 李晓健 先怡衡[1] 李雨生 ZHAO Jianing;LIANG Yun;AI Hao;DU Xingyu;LI Xiaojian;XIAN Yiheng;LI Yusheng(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710127 [2]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2024年第5期47-57,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CKG016)资助。

摘　　要：陕西旬邑西头遗址北魏墓M75的时代约为北魏中期,墓主可能来自当时活跃在关中盆地北缘的一支游牧鲜卑人群。墓室棺内头侧出土一件圆帽状琥珀饰件,可能是用来佩戴的头饰或项饰,类似形制的琥珀饰件亦见于山西大同地区,目前仅见于鲜卑墓葬中——可能跟特定人群、观念或功能相关,值得进一步关注。本研究通过超景深显微镜、红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪对该件样品进行检测分析。结果显示,该琥珀饰件的红外光谱有明显的“波罗的海肩”,可以确认是波罗的海琥珀,推测其应该是经欧亚草原进入北魏平城,再自北向南从雁北地区进入关中北缘的。这是目前首例通过科技分析确定产地的北魏时期琥珀,本研究可为深入讨论中古早期波罗的海琥珀的传播提供新材料和可靠的时空节点。Tomb M75 at Xitou site,Xunyi County,Shaanxi Province belongs to the middle period of the Northern Wei Dynasty,and the tomb owner may have come from a nomadic Xianbei group living on the northern edge of the Guanzhong Basin.Inside the coffin chamber of the tomb,a round cap-shaped amber ornament was found around the tomb owner’s head area,which may have been used as part of a headdress or necklace.Similar amber ornaments were excavated in Datong,Shanxi Province and have only been found at Xianbei tombs so far.They may be related to the specific group of people,concepts or functions,which deserve further attention.In this study,this sample was examined and analyzed using super depth-of-field microscopy,infrared spectrometry and Raman spectrometry.According to the results,this amber ornament could be confirmed as an imported Baltic amber,since its infrared spectrum showed a clear“Baltic shoulder”.It is inferred that this ornament might have been transferred to Pingcheng along the Eurasia Steppe and then passed through an uncertain route from the Yanbei region to the northern edge of Guanzhong Basin.This is the first tested sample of Northern-Wei-time ambers to acquire its clear provenance,and this study provides new materials and reliable temporal and spatial nodes for in-depth discussions on the spread of Baltic ambers during the early Middle Ages.

关 键 词：西头遗址 北魏 琥珀 产地 佩饰 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]