植物miRNA响应非生物胁迫研究进展  

Advances in Plant miRNAs Responses to Abiotic Stresses

作　　者：周文杰 张文瀚 贾玮 许自成[1] 黄五星[1] Wenjie Zhou;Wenhan Zhang;Wei Jia;Zicheng Xu;Wuxing Huang(College of Tobacco Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《植物学报》2024年第5期810-833,共24页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(No.202102310026);江苏中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(No.20220729)。

摘　　要：干旱、极端温度、盐和重金属等非生物胁迫导致植物产量和品质下降。miRNA是一类长约20–24个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过形成miRNA介导的沉默复合物(RISC)剪切靶mRNA并抑制靶基因的翻译,在转录后水平负调控真核生物基因表达。高通量测序技术的快速发展使得植物物种中大量响应非生物胁迫的miRNA得到鉴定和表征。非生物胁迫下植物miRNA与其靶基因结合,构成了控制各种生命活动的大型基因调控网络,包括生长发育、营养吸收与分配、信号转导与氧化应激,从而提高植物的抗逆性。深入理解miRNA的功能及其调控机制对于通过基因工程进行作物改良和抗逆育种至关重要。该文综述了近年来miRNA的生物合成及其作用机制研究进展,重点探讨了参与调控植物响应非生物胁迫miRNA的鉴定及功能,并展望了该领域可能的研究方向。Abiotic stresses such as drought,extreme temperatures,salinity,and heavy metals can cause a decrease in plant yield and quality.miRNAs are a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA with a length of about 20–24 nucleotides.By forming miRNA-mediated silencing complexes(RISCs),they cleave target mRNAs and inhibit the translation of target genes,negatively regulating eukaryotic gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.The development of high-throughput sequencing technology has enabled the identification and characterization of a large number of miRNAs that respond to abiotic stress in various plant species.Under abiotic stress,plant miRNAs bind to their target genes,forming a large gene regulatory network that controls various life activities,including growth and development,nutrient absorption and distribution,signal transduction,and oxidative stress,thereby improving plant stress resistance.Understanding the function and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs is crucial for crop improvement and stress-resistant breeding through genetic engineering.This review summarized the advances in the biosynthesis and mechanisms of plant miRNAs in recent years,with emphasis on the identification and function of miRNAs involved in regulating plant response to abiotic stress.Possible future research directions in this field are also discussed.

关 键 词：植物 MIRNA 非生物胁迫 作用机制 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]