催化剂在聚氨酯废弃物降解回收中的应用研究进展  

Research Progress in the Application of Catalysts to the Degradation and Recovery of Polyurethane Waste

作　　者：谢涵荃 贾倩 俞臻阳 王子齐 游向文 吴一楠[1,2] Xie Hanquan;Jia Qian;Yu Zhenyang;Wang Ziqi;You Xiangwen;Wu Yinan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai,200092;Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security,Shanghai,200092;Covestro(Shanghai)Investment Co.,Ltd,Shanghai,200126)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室,上海200092 [2]上海污染控制与生态安全研究院,上海200092 [3]科思创(上海)投资有限公司,上海200126

出　　处：《化学通报》2024年第10期1145-1157,1180,共14页Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22076144);科思创-同济可持续发展教席学术研究项目资助。

摘　　要：随着聚氨酯(PU)的大量生产和使用,产生了显著的废弃物管理问题,如何有效地处理和回收PU废弃物以及解决由此带来的潜在环境风险,已成为亟待解决的问题。目前,我国还尚未大规模开展PU的系统回收和再生利用工作,超过九成的PU主要以填埋和焚烧发电方式进行处置,造成空间浪费、碳排放的增加和空气污染的潜在风险。因此,为了打造绿色、低碳和循环发展新模式,创建“无废城市”,对PU等高分子材料废弃物进行回收及资源化利用,已经成为当前研究和政策关注的重点。已有的PU资源化研究和实践主要围绕化学回收,而生物回收也具有广阔的发展前景。在化学回收方面,催化剂可以有效降低反应条件,提高PU的分解速度,引导并推动多元醇和副产品的回收过程,因此在PU回收和再生中发挥至关重要的作用。在生物回收方面,各类细菌或真菌的聚氨酯酶也是催化降解过程中最重要的反应组分。本文从化学催化剂和生物酶的催化剂角度对近年来的PU回收研究进行整理归纳,以期对PU废弃物回收处理中催化剂种类和方法选择提供一定的参考。Mass production and use of polyurethane(PU)also brought significant waste management problems.Effective treatment and recycling measures of PU waste as well as environmental risk management is urgently needed.There is no large-scale and systematic recovery and recycling of PU waste in China,and more than 90%of them is landfilled and incinerated,resulting in land occupation,carbon emission and potential risks of air pollution.Therefore,in order to create a new model of green,low-carbon and circular development and create a“zero-waste city”,recycling and resource utilization of polymer materials waste including PU has become the focus of current research and policy.Existing research and practice of PU recycling mainly focus on chemical recovery,while biological recovery is also promising.In chemical recovery,the catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction conditions,improve the decomposition rate of PU,guide and promote the recovery process of polyols and byproducts,which makes it a vital role in PU recovery.In bio-recycling,urethane enzymes of various types from bacteria or fungi are the most important reaction components in the catalytic degradation process.In this paper,the research on PU recycling in recent years was summarized from the perspective of catalysts,including chemical catalysts and biological enzymes,in order to provide reference for the selection of catalyst types and methods in PU waste recycling.

关 键 词：聚氨酯废弃物 化学回收 催化剂 醇解法 生物回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]