基于响应面法的激光同轴熔丝沉积多目标工艺优化  

Multi-Objective Process Optimization of Laser Coaxial Fuse Deposition Based on Response Surface Method

作　　者：曹浩 石世宏[1] 魏超 金磊 石拓 庄锐 Cao Hao;Shi Shihong;Wei Chao;Jin Lei;Shi Tuo;Zhuang Rui(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215021,Jiangsu,China;School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学机电工程学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]苏州大学光电科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《应用激光》2024年第7期37-48,共12页Applied Laser

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62173239,61903268)。

摘　　要：激光熔丝沉积是一种有效的表面改性和3D自由成形技术,合理选择沉积工艺参数对熔道的几何形貌和力学性能至关重要。基于环形偏焦激光同轴熔丝沉积工艺,采用响应面分析方法,建立工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、送丝速度)与响应(熔道高度、宽高比、稀释率、显微硬度)之间的数学模型。结果表明,扫描速度是影响熔道高度、宽高比和显微硬度的最显著因素,激光功率是影响稀释率的最显著因素。采用同步优化方法获得期望的工艺参数组合,经实验验证,预测结果与实验结果吻合良好,熔道高度、宽高比、稀释率、显微硬度的平均相对误差分别为8.33%、1.67%、2.50%和1.71%。利用模型计算出的工艺参数,成形出高为100 mm的变径薄壁件。成形件尺寸精度较高,组织致密均匀,无气孔、裂缝等明显缺陷。Laser cladding deposition is a crucial technology for surface modification and 3D freeform fabrication, with process parameter selection significantly influencing the geometry and mechanical properties of the melt channel. This study employs the response surface analysis method to develop a mathematical model correlating process parameters—laser power, scanning speed, and wire feeding speed—with responses such as melt height, aspect ratio, dilution rate, and microhardness in an annular focus laser coaxial cladding deposition process. The results show that the scanning speed is the most significant factor affecting the height of the melt channel, aspect ratio and microhardness, and the laser power is the most significant factor affecting the dilution rate. The expected combination of process parameters was obtained by synchronous optimization method, and the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental results, and the average relative errors of melt height, aspect ratio, dilution rate and microhardness were 8.33%, 1.67%, 2.50% and 1.71%, respectively. Using the process parameters calculated by the model, a variable-diameter thin-walled part with a height of 100 mm is formed. The dimensional accuracy of the formed parts is high, the structure is dense and uniform, and there are no obvious defects such as pores and cracks.

关 键 词：环形激光 激光同轴熔丝 响应面分析 工艺参数 多响应优化 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]