作为三类对象域的外物、视觉错觉和他人——解析Einfühlung的含义与中译  

External Things,Optical Illusions and Others as Three Sorts of Object Domains:The Meaning and Chinese Translation of Einfühlung

作　　者：王鸿赫 WANG Honghe(School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期46-56,共11页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“现象学代入感理论研究”(21BZX095)。

摘　　要：德语Einfühlung是美学、哲学和心理学中重要乃至核心的概念,其在汉语学界的译介和传播已有百年历史。然而,时至今日,一个能被普遍接受的译名尚付阙如:美学中流行的“移情”译法虽也被哲学界所采用,但现象学中更流行译为“同感”;心理学界则流行“共情”的译法,不少学者也译作“共感”,但也不乏批评这两种译名的学者。除此之外,还有“感情移入”“移感”“投情”“神入”“感入”“同理”“同理心”“代入感”等十几种译名。这些杂多且含义各异的译名,不禁会让人怀疑他们翻译的是同一个词。鉴于此,作为诸学科之根基的哲学很有必要细致解析一下Einfühlung的内涵,进而论证出一个合适且可行的译名。以概念演变史的回溯为切入点,梳理归纳出Einfühlung概念应用的三大类对象域,用现象学的方法重点分析三类对象域中最为复杂的以他人为对象的Einfühlung。在此基础上,全面深入剖析各译名之优劣。The German Einfühlung is an important even kernel concept of aesthetics,philosophy and psychology.In Chinese academia,its translation and dissemination has a history of over one century.To date,whereas,a universally acceptable translation of it remains absent:Albeit the translation of“移情”prevailing in aesthetics is adopted in philosophical sphere,“同感”is more acceptable in phenomenology;In psychology,“共情”is more preferable,and not a few scholars translate it into“共感”,but there are also scholors who criticize these two translations.What's more,there are still a dozen of other versions like“感情移入”“移感”“投情”“神入”“感入”“同理”“同理心”“代入感”,and so on.These versions with complex and different meanings make one doubt whether or not they refer to the same word.On this account,it is necessary for philosophy qua the basis of the disciplines to explicate the connotations of Einfühlung before a most proper translation is ultimately presented.Taking the retrospection of the history of conceptual evolution as the starting point,three sorts of object domains in which the concept of Einfühlung is applied are sorted out and summarized,and the most complex concept of Einfühlung taking others for object in the three sorts of object domains is analyzed with the method of phenomenology.Based on this,the advantages and disadvantages of various translations are comprehensively and deeply analyzed.

关 键 词：Einfühlung EMPATHY 移情 同感 共情 代入感 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]