中国古代“有限战争”传统与“有限开拓主义”疆域模式  

The Tradition of “Limited War” in Ancient China and the Model of“Limited Pioneering” Territory

作　　者：赵现海[1] ZHAO Xian-hai(Institute of Ancient History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《前沿》2024年第4期36-58,共23页Forward Position

基　　金：中国社会科学院研究阐释中华民族现代文明重大创新项目“中华文明‘五个突出特性’的历史维度、内在逻辑和发展脉络研究”(2023YZD036)。

摘　　要：中国古代,一方面从现实主义政治思想出发,注重以战争手段实行武力开拓,形成“重战”立场与观念;另一方面将维护内政稳定放在政治的首位,在对外开拓时追求边疆开拓与政权稳定之间的平衡点,在开拓力度上显得保守与谨慎,形成“慎战”立场与观念。中国古代的疆域开拓往往在大规模推广农业的生态、经济临界点停止下来,呈现出独特的“有限战争”传统与“有限开拓主义”疆域模式。“有限战争”传统与“有限开拓主义”疆域模式推动古代中国在战争开展与边疆开拓方面呈现出追求节制与平衡的取向,是中华文明保持长期连续与统一的重要机制。On the one hand,according to realistic political thought,ancient China paid attention to the development by force using war,forming a position and concept of“attaching great importance to the war”.On the other hand,China put the maintenance of internal stability at the top of politics,pursued the balance between frontier development and political stability when opening to the outside world,and was conservative and cautious in its development efforts,forming a position and concept of“cautious in war”.The territorial development of ancient China often stopped when the ecological and economic critical point of agriculture was widely promoted,showing a unique tradition of“limited war”and“limited pioneering”territorial model.The tradition of“limited war”and the territorial model of“limited pioneering”have promoted the pursuit of moderation and balance in the war development and frontier development in ancient China,which is an important mechanism for Chinese civilization to maintain long-term continuity and unity.

关 键 词：重战 慎战 有限战争 有限开拓主义 内政为本 

分 类 号：K205[历史地理—历史学]