太湖西山岛秋季大型底栖动物群落分布格局及其环境影响因子分析  

Distribution pattern of autumn macrobenthic community on Xishan Island of Taihu Lake and analysis of its environmental impact factors

作　　者：徐畅 潘继征[3] 李勇[1,2,4] 杨齐 周晓辉 陆敏博 徐同春 XU Chang;PAN Jizheng;LI Yong;YANG Qi;ZHOU Xiaohui;LU Minbo;XU Tongchun(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,SUST,Suzhou 215011,China;Key Laboratory of Environ-mental Science and Engineering of Jiangsu Province,Suzhou 215011,China;State Key Laboratory of Lake Sci-ence and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Science,Nanjing 210008,China;Environmental Research Institute of SUST of Nanhai District of Foshan,Foshan 528200,China;CCDI(Suzhou)Exploration&Design Consultant Co.,LTD.,Suzhou 215021,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏苏州215011 [2]江苏省环境科学与工程重点实验室,江苏苏州215011 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [4]苏州科技大学环境研究院,广东佛山528200 [5]悉地(苏州)勘察设计顾问有限公司,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《苏州科技大学学报（工程技术版）》2024年第3期56-64,共9页Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology（Engineering and Technology Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001324);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07204005);江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心项目。

摘　　要：以太湖西山岛内流域大型底栖动物群落为研究对象,于2022年9月开展了太湖西山岛内流域的大型底栖动物调查。采用RDA分析和Spearman相关性分析探讨了大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子之间的关系。研究表明:太湖西山岛流域大型底栖动物调查发现底栖动物5纲17种,包括腹足纲(Gastropoda Cuvier)、寡毛纲(Oligochaeta)、甲壳纲(Crustacea)、昆虫纲(Insecta)、双壳纲(Lamellibranchia),其中腹足纲的螺类调查到6种,占78.7%,双壳纲发现5种,占16.3%,寡毛纲水丝蚓发现3种,占0.7%,甲壳纲发现2种,占3%,昆虫纲发现1种,占1.3%。大型底栖动物群落结构存在着显著的空间差异性,按照采样点位置分类可分为2组;两组数据群落结构组成都较为相似,其中霍甫水丝蚓、中华齿米虾、摇蚊属一种、长角涵螺、豌豆蚬属一种仅在湖滨带检出。巨毛水丝蚓、大沼螺、扭蚌仅在内流域河流中检出。通过Spearman相关性分析表明,影响太湖西山岛内大型底栖动物空间分布的环境因子主要包括总氮、氨氮、溶解性固体总量、溶解氧,影响大型底栖动物群落丰度的主要环境因子为总氮和叶绿素a。水环境因子显示出了对大型底栖动物群落结构和多样性的影响,表明西山岛流域生态系统多受到人为活动的影响。减少水质污染是西山岛流域水生生态系统修复的重要环节。This study was conducted in September 2022 to investigate the macrobenthic community in the inner watershed of Xishan Island of Lake Taihu,and RDA analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the relationship between the macrobenthic community structure and environmental factors.According to the survey of macrobenthos,in the Xishan Island Basin of Lake Taihu there were 17 species of benthos in five orders,including Gastropoda Cuvier,Oligochaeta,Crustacea,Insecta,and Lamellibranchia,with 6 species of snails in Gastropoda Cuvier,accounting for 78.7%of the total,and 5 species(16.3%)were found in Bivalvia,3 species(0.7%)were found in Oligochaeta hydrocephalus,2 species(3%)were found in Crustacea,and 1 species(1.3%)was found in Insecta.There was significant spatial variability in macrobenthic community structure,which could be categorized into two groups according to the location of sampling sites;the community structure composition of the two groups of data was relatively similar,in which Hofu water silk worm,Chinese toothed rice shrimp,one species of rocking mosquito,longhorn culicine snail,and one species of pea corbicula were detected only in the lakeshore zone.And the giant hairy water moccasin,giant swamp snail,and twisted mussel were detected only in the rivers of the inner basin.Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that the environmental factors affecting the spatial distribution of macrobenthos in Xishan Island of Lake Taihu mainly included total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,total dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen,and the main environmental factors affecting the abundance of macrobenthos communities were total nitrogen and chlorophyll a.The water environmental factors showed their influence on the structure and diversity of the macrobenthos community,which indicated that the ecosystems of the watershed were mostly affected by anthropogenic activities.Thus,reducing water quality pollution is an important part of aquatic ecosystem restoration in Xishan Island watershed.

关 键 词：西山岛 底栖动物 环境因子 生物多样性 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]