论刑事电子数据取证制度新发展——兼评《公安机关办理刑事案件电子数据取证规则》  

New Developments in Criminal Electronic Evidence Collection:A Review of the“Regulations on Electronic Data Collection in Criminal Cases by Public Security Organs”

作　　者：庄乾龙[1] 安文霞 Zhuang Qianong;An Wenxia(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083;Institute for Crime Prevention,Ministry of Justice,Beijing,100035)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083 [2]司法部预防犯罪研究所,北京100035

出　　处：《山东警察学院学报》2024年第3期45-58,共14页Journal of Shandong Police College

基　　金：2015年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“大数据时代刑事电子数据证据的收集与运用”(项目编号:15YJC820088)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑事电子数据取证经历了从无到有、从不完善到逐渐完善的发展过程。而以《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》《关于办理刑事案件收集提取和审查判断电子数据若干问题的规定》与《公安机关办理刑事案件电子数据取证规则》为代表的法律文件将刑事电子数据取证制度推向新的发展阶段。上述法律规范性文件在厘定刑事电子数据取证基本概念、细化取证程序规则基础上,初步构建起刑事电子数据取证规则体系。上述法律规范并未明确取证行为与侦查行为、电子数据载体与电子数据、境外取证与境内取证之间的关系,难以有效协调惩罚犯罪与保障人权之间的冲突。未来立法有必要将刑事电子数据取证行为纳入侦查行为范畴,并以电子数据载体与电子数据区分为标准构建二元化的搜查、扣押取证规则。同时,在尊重电子数据技术性特征的基础上,突出取证主体的专业技能,明确取证范围,细化取证程序,协调境外与境内电子数据取证关系,进一步完善刑事电子数据取证体系。The collection of criminal electronic data has evolved from non-existence to gradual improve-ment.The newly amended“Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China”,“Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Collection and Examination of Electronic Data in Handling Criminal Cases”,and the“Regulations on Electronic Data Collection in Criminal Cases by Public Security Organs”represent a new devel-opment stage in electronic data collection.These legal documents establish basic concepts and detailed proce-dures as well as an initial framework for electronic data collection.However,they do not clearly define the re-lationships between evidence collection and investigation,electronic data carriers and electronic data,or do-mestic and international evidence collection,making it difficult to balance crime punishment and human rights protection.Future legislation should incorporate electronic data collection into the scope of investigative actions and develop dual rules for search and seizure based on distinctions between data carriers and electronic data.Additionally,it should emphasize the technical skills of collecting entities,clarify the scope of collection,de-tail procedures,and coordinate domestic and international data collection to further improve the system.

关 键 词：刑事电子数据 取证 发展 

分 类 号：D918[政治法律—法学]