新疆新源县野果林气象要素年变化特征  

Annual Variation of Meteorologic Elements of Wild Fruit Forest in Xinyuan County,Xinjiang

作　　者：程功 刘立强[1] 周伟权 廖康[1] 曼苏尔·那斯尔 CHENG Gong;LIU Liqiang;ZHOU Weiquan;LIAO Kang;MANSUR·Nasir(College of horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Handan,Hebei 056000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]邯郸市农业科学院,河北邯郸056000

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第8期18-26,共9页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501504);新疆维吾尔自治区园艺学重点学科基金;新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院院级科研项目(6660216-2520HXKT1)。

摘　　要：为了给新疆新源县野果林的更新与复壮工作提供气象资料支撑,对2019—2021年新源县野果林平地、阴坡和阳坡3种生境类型的气象观测数据进行监测分析,探讨气温、空气相对湿度、光照、土壤温湿度、降雨、风速与风向关键气象要素的年变化规律。结果显示:气温呈现明显的单峰年变化模式,7月气温最高,月平均温度为22.87℃,而1月气温最低,月平均温度为-8.59℃,不同试验地间的温差不超过2.04℃;空气相对湿度在6—7月达到峰值,并且极端湿度事件频繁发生;光照强度从1—6月逐渐增强,随后在7—12月逐渐减弱,3种试验地的年均光照强度差异小于1876 lx;随着深度的增加,土壤温度和含水量变化幅度减小,7月土壤温度达到最高,而1月最低,3月和9月为土壤温度的交汇期;土壤含水量在5—6月达到最高,在8—9月降至最低;降水主要集中在4—6月,占全年降水量的49.1%;年均风速为1.19 m·s-1,东南风向占主导地位,占比45.45%;除了风向外,其他气象要素之间存在显著的正相关性。总体而言,新源县野果林全年气候条件普遍适宜野果林的自然更新,但冬季极端天气对生态系统的稳定性和更新能力构成了显著挑战,需要在生态保护过程中予以重视。In order to provide meteorological data support for the regeneration and restoration work of wild fruit forest in Xinyuan County,Xinjiang,by analyzing the meteorological observation data of the wild fruit forest in Xinyuan County from 2019 to 2021 for three habitat types of flat land,shady slope,and sunny slope,this study explored the annual variation patterns of key meteorological elements such as temperature,air relative humidity,light,soil temperature and humidity,rainfall,wind direction and speed.The results showed that the temperature exhibited a clear unimodal annual variation pattern,reaching the highest monthly average temperature of 22.87℃in July,and the lowest monthly average temperature of-8.59℃in January,with the temperature difference between different experimental sites not exceeding 2.04℃.The air relative humidity peaked in June and July,with frequent extreme humidity events.Light intensity gradually strengthened from January to June,then gradually weakened from July to December,with the annual average light intensity difference among the three experimental sites being less than 1876 lx.Soil temperature and moisture content change with depth,with the highest soil temperature in July and the lowest in January,and the intersection period of soil temperature in March and September.Soil moisture content peaked in May and June,and dropped to the lowest in August and September.Precipitation was mainly concentrated in April to June,accounting for 49.1%of the annual precipitation.The annual average wind speed was 1.19 m·s-1,with the southeast wind direction being dominant,accounting for 45.45%.In addition to wind direction,there was a significant positive correlation between other meteorological elements.Overall,the climate conditions of the Xinyuan wild fruit forest are generally suitable for the natural regeneration of the wild fruit forest throughout the year.However,extreme weather phenomena in winter pose a significant challenge to the stability and regeneration capacity of the ecosystem,which

关 键 词：野果林 气象要素 年变化 

分 类 号：S716[农业科学—林学]