2017—2020年山西省耕地质量状况与玉米产量相关性研究  

Study on the Status and Changes of Cultivated Land Quality in Shanxi Province and Corn Yield Prediction From 2017 to 2020

作　　者：王慧杰 WANG Huijie(Shanxi Province Farmland Quality Monitoring and Protection Center,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省耕地质量监测保护中心,山西太原030001

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2024年第8期32-38,共7页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部办公厅关于做好2020年退化耕地治理与耕地质量等级调查评价工作的通知(农办建〔2020〕4号);山西省第三次全国土壤普查领导小组办公室关于印发第三次全国土壤普查工作方案的通知(晋三普办发[2023]4号)。

摘　　要：为揭示2017—2020年山西省耕地质量的变化规律及其与玉米产量的相关性,通过对2017—2020年山西省11个地级市下52个县、市、区的耕地土壤进行系统调查与监测,分析有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾5项关键耕地质量指标,调查其对应的玉米产量。结果表明,2017—2020年山西省耕地土壤有机质含量范围为10.00~29.95 mg·kg^(-1),全氮含量范围为0.65~1.40 g·kg^(-1),有效磷含量范围为5.75~22.40 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾含量范围为105.91.36~225.25 mg·kg^(-1),缓效钾含量范围为545.29~1284.00 mg·kg^(-1),除有效磷与速效钾之间呈负相关外,其余指标之间均呈正相关。此外,将玉米产量(y)与有机质(x1)、全氮(x2)、有效磷(x3)、速效钾(x4)、缓效钾(x5)进行多元线性回归分析,回归模型为y=698.46-0.9662x1+24.99x2+1.776x3-0.1180x4-0.1081x5,F=2.8376(F>2),P=0.01741(P<0.05)。这表明模型具有统计显著性,能够根据土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和缓效钾的含量预测玉米产量。综上,山西省种植玉米应采用高氮、中磷、低钾的复合肥料配比,以促进玉米增产。In order to reveal the changes in cultivated land quality in Shanxi Province from 2017 to 2020 and their correlation with corn yield,a systematic survey and monitoring of the soil in 52 counties,cities,and districts across 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province were conducted,focusing on five key soil quality indicators:organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,slow-release potassium,and the corn yield.The results showed that,during the 2017 to 2020 period,the organic matter content of cultivated land in Shanxi Province ranged from 10.0 to 29.95 g·kg^(-1),total nitrogen ranged from 0.65 to 1.40 g·kg^(-1),available phosphorus ranged from 5.75 to 22.40 mg·kg^(-1),available potassium ranged from 105.91 to 225.25 mg·kg^(-1),and slow-release potassium ranged from 545.29 to 1284.00 mg·kg^(-1).Positive correlations were observed between most of these indicators,except for a negative correlation between available phosphorus and available potassium.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted on the maize yield(y)with organic matter(x1),total nitrogen(x2),available phosphorus(x3),available potassium(x4),and slow-release potassium(x5).The regression model was y=698.46-0.9662x1+24.99x2+1.776x3-0.1180x4-0.1081x5,with F=2.8376>2 and P=0.01741<0.05,y=698.46-0.9662x1+24.99x2+1.776x3-0.1180x4-0.1081x5.The model's F value was 2.8376(F>2)and the P value was 0.01741(P<0.05),indicated statistical significance and the ability to predict corn yield based on the levels of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and slow-release potassium in the soil.In conclusion,to enhance corn yield in Shanxi Province,a compound fertilizer ratio of high nitrogen,medium phosphorus,and low potassium should be adopted.

关 键 词：有机质 全氮 有效磷 速效钾 缓效钾 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S152