中国一般人群尿镉含量时空分布特征  

Spatial-temporal Distribution Patterns of Urinary Cadmium Levels in the General Population in China.

作　　者：杨雅迪 顾毅 徐彦森 尧一骏 YANG Ya-di;GU Yi;XU Yan-sen;YAO Yi-jun(School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学生态与应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院大学南京学院,江苏南京211135 [4]南京农业大学资环与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2024年第10期1269-1277,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC1809103)。

摘　　要：镉(Cd)是对人体具有毒害作用的重金属元素,而尿镉是评估镉暴露风险的重要指标。为全面了解我国人群的镉暴露情况,研究基于1980—2022年发表的234篇相关文献资料,综合分析了中国普通人群尿镉浓度的整体状况及时空分布特征。结果显示,我国一般人群尿镉含量平均值为1.30μg·g^(-1)(以尿肌酐计,下同)。不同年龄人群尿镉含量存在显著差异。儿童(≤14岁)的平均尿镉水平为0.72μg·g^(-1),低于青少年及成人(>14岁)的1.44μg·g^(-1);女性尿镉水平(1.34μg·g^(-1))略高于男性(1.21μg·g^(-1));吸烟人群尿镉水平(1.24μg·g^(-1))略高于非吸烟人群(0.97μg·g^(-1))。我国一般人群尿镉水平在时间和空间上均存在显著差异。在时间维度上,尿镉水平整体呈现下降趋势,女性和男性的尿镉含量先升高后下降,非吸烟人群尿镉含量下降速率远高于吸烟人群。不同地区人群尿镉含量主要呈现出南高北低、东高西低的分布特征,并随着时间的变化而改变,湖南、辽宁等部分地区的尿镉含量随着时间的推移呈升高趋势,而江苏、广西等地则有所降低。研究结果强调了加强对高尿镉地区的环境监测、实施土壤修复和绿色农业策略以及提升公众对镉污染认知与防护意识的重要性,为制定有效的镉污染防控措施提供了科学依据。Cadmium(Cd)is a heavy metal element and toxic to humans.Urinary Cd is an important indicator for assessing the exposure risk of Cd.To understand the Cd exposure of Chinese population,this study analyzed spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urinary Cd concentrations of Chinese population by using 234 references from 1980 to 2022.The results show that the mean value of urinary Cd concentration of Chinese population was 1.30μg·g^(-1)(calculated based on urine creatinine).There were significant differences in urinary Cd concentration among different age groups.The mean urinary Cd concentration in children(≤14 years old)was 0.72μg·g^(-1),lower than that in adolescents and adults(>14 years old)(1.44μg·g^(-1)).The urinary Cd concentration in females(1.34μg·g^(-1))was slightly higher than that in males(1.21μg·g^(-1)).The urinary Cd concentration in smokers(1.24μg·g^(-1))was slightly higher than that in non-smokers(0.97μg·g^(-1)).The urinary Cd concentrations of Chinese population were significantly different in both time and space.Overall,urinary Cd concentration showed decreasing trend in the time dimension.The urinary Cd concentration of females and males increased and then decreased.And the decrease rate of urinary Cd in the non-smoking population was significantly higher than that in the smoking population.Urine Cd concentration was different among regions,with higher in the south and east regions,but lower in the north and west,and the spatial distribution characteristics were affected by time.Urine Cd concentration in Hunan and Liaoning provinces showed increasing trends with time.While Jiangsu and Guangxi showed declining trends.The results of this study emphasize that the strengthening of environmental monitoring,the implementing of soil remediation and green agriculture strategies,the enhancing of public awareness of Cd pollution and prevention in high urine Cd areas are important.This study will provide a scientific basis for the development of effective Cd pollution prevention a

关 键 词：镉 尿镉 镉暴露 健康风险 

分 类 号：X508[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R115[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]