毛泽东东征渡河点及与《沁园春·雪》有关的地名考  

A Study on the Crossing-River Point of Mao Zedong in Eastern Expedition and Place Names Related to “Qinyuanchun·Snow”

作　　者：陶明信 马玉贞 Tao Mingxin;Ma Yuzhen

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [2]青海师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院/地理科学学院,西宁810008

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2024年第3期28-34,共7页Plateau Culture Research

基　　金：北京师范大学地理科学学部基金资助项目成果。

摘　　要：红军东征是继长征后的重大事件,而毛泽东在东征初期所填《沁园春·雪》(以下简称《雪》)则使其东征渡河平添了一层浓厚的文学色彩。随着《雪》日益广泛的传播,有关《雪》的创作与毛泽东当年侦查与渡河的地点也受到越来越多学者的关注。但有关文献对毛泽东东征的具体渡河点及日期乃至《雪》的创作地点等相关问题有各种不同的说法。本调研结果显示,毛泽东是在1936年2月21日早上在辛关渡渡河东征的而非河口—贺家凹渡口;《雪》的写作时间为1936年2月,毛泽东在此期间的行程和主要经停地为延长→双庙河→袁家沟(期间曾去高家坬塬)→辛关渡→留村→张家塔。因此,《雪》的诞生地应在以上区域之内。在此行程的初期,毛泽东应该看到了1935年年底降于河口—辛关渡一带的深厚积雪。此外,由于多种原因,历史文献中的一些地名与今用名有所差异,例如“高村”应是现在的“高杰村”,“贺家凹”现写为“贺家洼”,“社里”应为现在的“舍峪里”,“张家塔”也称为“张家塌”(旧名)。The Red Army's Eastern Expedition was a significant event following the Long March,and Mao Zedong's work “Spring in Qinyuan · Snow”(herein after referred to as “Snow”) in the early stage of the expedition,added a strong literary color to his river-crossing.With the increasingly widespread dissemination of “Snow”,the location of the creation of “Snow”,Mao Zedong's investigation and crossing-river point in those days,have also received more and more attention.However,there are various opinions in the literature on the specific crossing-river point and the exact date of Mao Zedong's Eastern Expedition,as well as the creation place of “Snow”.The results of this survey show that Mao Zedong crossed the river to the east at Xinguan Ferry on the morning of February 21,1936,rather than at the Hekou-Hejiawa Ferry.The writing time of “Snow” was February 1936,during which Mao Zedong's itinerary and main stopping points were Yanchang →Shuangmiaohe → Yuanjiagou(during which he went to Gaojiawayuan) → Xinguandu → Liucun → Zhangjiata.Therefore,the birthplace of “Snow” should be within the above areas.At the beginning of this journey,Mao Zedong should have seen the deep snow that fell on the Hekou-Xinguandu area at the end of 1935.In addition,due to various reasons,some place names in historical literature may differ from nowaday names,such as “Gaocun” should be the current Gaojiecun,“Sheli” should be the current Sheyuli.

关 键 词：毛泽东 东征渡河 地点与时间 辛关渡 《沁园春·雪》 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]