黑水城出土汉文、西夏文契约文书格式比较研究  

Comparative Study on the Formats of Contract Documents Unearthed in Khara-Khoto in Chinese and Tangut Scripts

作　　者：韩树伟 Han Shuwei

机构地区：[1]中共甘肃省委党校,甘肃兰州730071

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2024年第3期46-56,共11页Plateau Culture Research

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“佉卢文文献所见汉晋鄯善国史研究”(项目编号:21XZS016)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黑水城出土了大量的契约文书,从民族文字看既有汉文契约,又有西夏文契约、蒙古文契约等。通过对汉文契约、西夏文契约文书格式的比较研究,得知契约的开头皆为立契时间,然后是契约主体内容,接着是违约纳罚,最后是签字画押,契约的整个程式基本上一致。通过探讨汉文契约、西夏文契约间的相似点与不同点,探寻文书格式背后的社会习惯法,说明西夏文契约在保持自身特点的同时,也对汉文契约有一定的借鉴与效仿,体现了民族文化之间的相互交流与融合发展,展现出中华契约文化的丰富内涵,彰显了中华民族共同体意识在古代西北民族间的源远流长。Khara-Khoto unearthed a large number of contract documents.There are not only Chinese contract,but also Tangut scripts,Mongolian contracts and so on.The paper focuses on the comparative study of the Chinese contracts and Tangut scripts document format.We know that the beginning of the contract is the time of making the contract,then the main content of the contract,then the penalty for breach of contract,and finally the signature and pledge.By exploring the similarities and differences between the Chinese contract and Tangut script,and exploring the social customary law behind the document format,it shows that Tangut script,while maintaining its own characteristics,also has a certain reference and imitation of the Chinese contract,reflecting the mutual exchange and integrated development of national cultures,and showing the rich connotation of the Chinese contract culture.It demonstrates the long history of the Chinese nation's community consciousness among the ancient northwest people.

关 键 词：黑水城 汉文 西夏文 契约文书 比较研究 

分 类 号：K877[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]