超重肥胖儿童基本动作技能发展的社会生态学影响因素分析  

Analysis of social-ecological factors influencing the development of fundamental motor skills among overweight and obese children

作　　者：梁崴 何玉秀 苏宁 蔡汶霏 景彪 周林 LIANG Wei;HE Yuxiu;SU Ning;CAI Wenfei;JING Biao;ZHOU Lin(School of Physical Education,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen(518060),Guangdong Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学体育学院,广东518060 [2]河北师范大学体育学院 [3]山东体育学院运动与健康学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第9期1328-1333,1339,共7页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY128);广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度青年项目(GD23YTY09)。

摘　　要：目的 探究超重肥胖儿童基本动作技能(FMS)发展的个体、家庭及物理环境3个层面的社会生态学影响因素,为未来干预设计和政策制定提供参考依据。方法 于2022年3—4月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法从石家庄市的4个主城区各招募1所公立小学,共筛选出425名受试者进行数据收集,包括个体、家庭、物理环境因素等,并采用儿童粗大动作发育测试-第3版(TGMD-3)评估儿童的FMS。采用分层线性回归模型分析个体、家庭和物理环境3个层面的18个因素对于肥胖超重儿童FMS的影响。结果 个体层面的儿童年龄、性别、睡眠时长和体适能水平,家庭层面的家庭经济水平(高)、父母对儿童身体活动的支持,以及家庭和社区身体活动环境是超重肥胖儿童移动技能(B值分别为0.422,-1.972,0.014,0.045,1.042,0.827,1.898)、球类技能(B值分别为0.858,3.953,0.013,0.092,2.141,1.173,1.954)和综合技能(B值分别为1.305,1.915,0.028,0.142,3.091,1.962,3.879)的一致性预测因子;儿童的体质量指数(BMI)、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)、感知运动能力、运动愉悦感以及主要看护人的BMI和身体活动则与儿童不同类型的FMS有关(P值均<0.05)。个体、家庭和物理环境因素对超重肥胖儿童的FMS具有中到大程度的预测解释力度(f^(2)值分别为0.69,0.75,0.93,P值均<0.01)。结论 超重肥胖儿童FMS发展的影响因素是多方面,其中个体、家庭和物理环境因素均对超重肥胖儿童的FMS起着重要作用。Objective To identify the social-ecological factors of individual,family,and physical environments for affecting the development of fundamental motor skills(FMS)among overweight and obese children,so as to provide a basis for the future intervention design and policy-making.Methods From March to April 2022,one public primary school was recruited from each of the 4 main urban areas in Shijiazhuang,and a total of 425 children in schools were recruited for data collection including individual,family,physical environmental factors,by using a stratified cluster random sampling approach.Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition(TGMD-3)was used to evaluate children's FMS.Hierarchical linear regression model was employed to analysis the associations between the 18 factors for individual,family,and physical environments,and the FMS of overweight and obese children.Results Individual level including the child's age,gender and sleep duration,and family level including high family economic level,parental support for physical activity,and the physical activity environment surrounding the family and community were consistent predictors of movement skills(B=0.422,-1.972,0.014,0.045,1.042,0.827,1.898),ball skills(B=0.858,3.953,0.013,0.092,2.141,1.173,1.954),and composite skills(B=1.305,1.915,0.028,0.142,3.091,1.962,3.879)among overweight and obese children(P<0.05).Furthermore,child's body mass index(BMI),moderate to vigorous physical activity,perceived motor competence,pleasure of exercise,as well as BMI and physical activity levels of their primary caregiver,were associated with different types of FMS(P<0.05).Individual,family,and physical environmental factors had moderate to high predictive explanatory power for FMS among overweight and obese children(f^(2)=0.69,0.75,0.93,P<0.01).Conclusions The factors influencing the development of FMS in overweight and obese children are multifaceted,with individual,family,and physical environment factors all playing significant roles.Corresponding measures should be actively taken to

关 键 词：超重 肥胖症 运动技能 回归分析 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R723.14[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] Q427[生物学—神经生物学]