重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病的相关因素分析  

Analysis of the related factors of pertussis incidence among children in Shapingba District, Chongqing

作　　者：胡倩 孙诗恒 黄子权 冯书蓉 徐茜 杨连建 支倩[1] HU Qian;SUN Shiheng;HUANG Ziquan;FENG Shurong;XU Qian;YANG Lianjian;ZHI Qian(Chongqing Shapingba District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing(400038),China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心,400038

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2024年第9期1349-1353,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：重庆市沙坪坝区2023年度技术创新与应用发展项目(202304)。

摘　　要：目的 探索重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病的相关因素,为优化百日咳疫情防控措施提供科学依据。方法 选取2024年1—5月重庆市沙坪坝区辖区内医院明确诊断百日咳的新发病例作为病例组,按照1∶1匹配原则(与病例住同一街道,与病例性别相同且年龄相差不过1岁)选取对照组,共计纳入病例和对照各200名,采用自行设计的0~12岁儿童百日咳问卷进行调查。采用条件Logistic回归模型分析儿童百日咳发病的影响因素。结果 多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,家人吸烟、发病前21 d儿童接触有咳嗽症状的人、发病前21 d儿童照看人去过人口密集场所的儿童百日咳发病风险较高[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.97(1.00~3.86),11.23(5.27~23.95),9.57(3.16~28.99)],较大的家庭居住面积(100~150,>150 m^(2))和儿童外出回家后洗手的儿童百日咳发病风险较低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.57(0.21~0.96),0.38(0.18~0.74),0.13(0.02~0.61),P值均<0.05]。结论 重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病主要受发病前的暴露情况、居住面积和手卫生的影响。应加大手卫生、戴口罩、勤通风和减少去人口密集场所等非特异性公共卫生措施的健康宣教,以减少儿童百日咳的发病率。Objective To identify related factors for pertussis among children in Shapingba District,Chongqing,so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing pertussis epidemic prevention and control measures.Methods From January to May 2024,newly diagnosed cases of pertussis in hospitals within the jurisdiction of Shapingba District,Chongqing were selected as the case group,and the cases of control group were selected according to the 1:1 matching principle(living on the same street as the case,of the same gender as the case,and with an age difference of no more than 1 year).A total of 200 children in the case group and 200 children in the control were included,and a self-designed pertussis questionnaire for children aged 0-12 years was used for investigation.A conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pertussis incidence.Results Multivariate conditional Logistic analysis showed that family members smoking,children coming into contact with people with cough symptoms 21 d before the onset of the disease,and caregivers visiting densely populated areas 21 d before the onset of the disease had a higher risk of pertussis in children[OR(95%CI)=1.97(1.00-3.86),11.23(5.27-23.95),9.57(3.16-28.99)],and larger residential areas(100-150,>150 m^(2))and children washing their hands after going out and returning home had a lower risk of pertussis in children[OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.21-0.96),0.38(0.18-0.74),0.13(0.02-0.61)](P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of pertussis in children in Shapingba District,Chongqing is mainly affected by exposure,living area,and hand hygiene before the onset of the disease.Therefore,health education on non-specific public health measures such as hand hygiene,wearing masks,frequent ventilation and reducing access to densely populated places should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of pertussis in children.

关 键 词：百日咳 回归分析 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R181.32[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R516.6