多纵模激光器体制下直接多普勒测风技术的实现与仿真  

Implementation and simulation of direct Doppler wind measurement technology under regime of multi-longitudinal mode laser

作　　者：高丰佳 高飞[1,2,3] 赵婷婷 汪丽 李仕春[1,2,3] 闫庆 华灯鑫[1,2,3] Gao Feng-Jia;Gao Fei;Zhao Ting-Ting;Wang Li;Li Shi-Chun;Yan Qing;Hua Deng-Xin(School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Equipment Green Manufacturing,Xi’an 710048,China;Key Laboratory of Metrological Optics and Application for State Market Regulation,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院,西安710048 [2]陕西省现代装备绿色制造协同创新中心,西安710048 [3]国家市场监管重点实验室(计量光学及应用),西安710048

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第20期174-187,共14页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:42175149,41775035,42275148);中国-中东欧国家高校联合教育项目(批准号:2023330,2022232,2021120);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(批准号:23JY055);国家市场监管重点实验室(计量光学及应用)开放课题(批准号:SXJL2023Z01KF);西安理工大学博士创新基金(批准号:102-252072304)资助的课题.

摘　　要：考虑到单纵模激光器作为多普勒测风激光雷达的激励光源需要复杂的种子注入技术和高精度的稳频锁频技术,本文提出了以自由运转的多纵模激光器作为激励光源的直接多普勒测风激光雷达,以降低激励光源的实现难度和复杂性.针对典型Nd:YAG脉冲激光器,研究了不同激光辐射线宽、光学谐振腔长和中心波长条件下多纵模激光激励的大气弹性散射回波光谱的分布模式.为了综合利用大气风场导致的多纵模激光中每个纵模所激励大气弹性散射回波光谱的多普勒频移,利用具有周期性透过率曲线且四个输出通道相位各相差π/2的可调谐四通道马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,实现对多纵模大气弹性散射回波光谱多普勒频移的高精度鉴别.在此基础上,构建了多纵模激光器体制下直接多普勒测风技术大气风场反演的数学模型.仿真结果表明,所提出的多纵模直接多普勒测风激光雷达能够实现对大气风场信息的高精度测量,并且激光中心波长越大,激光光学谐振腔长越短,系统测风范围越大,测风误差越小.Single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)direct Doppler wind lidar(DDWL)requires complex techniques of the seed injection,high precision frequency stability,and frequency locking to provide an output of the stable frequency SLM laser,resulting in a complex structure of DDWL.To reduce the technical difficulty and structural complexity of the excitation light source of DDWL,a multi-longitudinal mode(MLM)DDWL is proposed.In the MLM DDWL,a free-running MLM laser is directly used as an excitation light source and quadri-channel Mach-Zender interferometer(QMZI)with four periodic outputs is adopted as a spectral discriminator.Firstly,for the typical Nd:YAG pulsed laser,the scattering spectra of atmospheric elastic echo excited by the MLM laser are analyzed which are coincident with the longitudinal modes of the MLM laser.The peaks of atmospheric elastic echo scattering spectra excited by the MLM laser overlap with each other.The overlapping degree is affected by the laser radiation linewidth,laser optical resonator length,laser center wavelength,and type of scattering particles.In addition,the scattering spectra of atmospheric elastic echo excited by each longitudinal mode of the MLM laser have the Doppler frequency shift introduced by atmospheric wind.Therefore,it is necessary to select an optical interferometer with the periodic transmittance curve as the spectral discriminator of MLM DDWL.Subsequently,a QMZI is designed as the spectral discriminator to achieve high-precision measurement for the Doppler frequency shift of scattering spectra of atmospheric elastic echo excited by the MLM laser.The designed QMZI has four periodic output channels and the phase difference between adjacent channels isπ/2.The mathematical model of the transmittance function of the QMZI is established.The effective transmittance of the QMZI for atmospheric elastic echo scattering spectrum excited by the MLM laser is analyzed based on the partial coherence theory of quasi-monochromatic light interference and the polarization effect of light.On this basi

关 键 词：直接多普勒测风技术 多纵模激光 四通道马赫-曾德尔干涉仪 风场数据反演 

分 类 号：TN248[电子电信—物理电子学] TN958.98