新形势下高校研究生导师工作压力现状与对策  

Current situation and countermeasures of work pressure of graduate tutors in colleges and universities under the new situation

作　　者：倪国栋 周乾弟 李宗波 张婷婷 张琳[4] NI Guodong;ZHOU Qiandi;LI Zongbo;ZHANG Tingting;ZHANG Lin(School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,P.R.China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,P.R.China;Graduate School,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,P.R.China;School of Management Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学力学与土木工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学经济管理学院,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学研究生院,江苏徐州221116 [4]山东建筑大学管理工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《高等建筑教育》2024年第5期162-172,共11页Journal of Architectural Education in Institutions of Higher Learning

基　　金：江苏省研究生教育教学改革重点项目(JGZZ18_049);中国矿业大学研究生教育教学改革研究与实践面上项目(2021YJSJG062)。

摘　　要：研究生导师是培养高素质创新型人才的重要群体,随着高等教育事业的快速发展,研究生导师面临的工作压力日益增大,这不利于导师身心健康和研究生培养质量。为了全面掌握新形势下我国高校研究生导师的工作压力状况,有针对性缓解研究生导师的工作压力,避免职业倦怠感的产生,在文献研究的基础上从教学压力、科研压力、指导压力、角色压力和制度压力五个维度开发了研究生导师工作压力的测量量表并编制了调查问卷,基于421个样本数据对测量量表的信度和效度进行检验,并对高校研究生导师的工作压力现状进行总体水平分析、单因素分析和回归分析。研究结果表明:所开发的研究生导师工作压力测量量表具有良好的信度和效度;新形势下高校研究生导师总体工作压力水平介于中度压力和较大压力之间,五个压力源的压力水平由高到低分别为制度压力、科研压力、指导压力、教学压力和角色压力;对于不同性别、年龄阶段、身份、职称、工作年限、学科领域和高校类型,研究生导师工作压力在不同维度上存在一定的差异性。在此基础上,从建立缓解研究生导师工作压力的有效机制、提高研究生导师应对工作压力的能力和关注重点研究生导师群体的工作压力三个方面,提出了缓解新形势下高校研究生导师工作压力的对策与建议。Graduate tutors are an important group to cultivate high-quality innovative talents.With the rapid development of higher education,the work pressure faced by graduate tutors is increasing,which is not conducive to the physical and mental health of graduate tutors and the quality of postgraduate training.To comprehensively grasp the work pressure situation of graduate tutors in colleges and universities under the new situation,effectively alleviate the work pressure of graduate tutors,and avoid job burnout,the measurement scale of graduate tutors’work pressure is developed on the basis of literature research from five dimensions:teaching pressure,scientific research pressure,guidance pressure,role pressure and system pressure,and a survey questionnaire is developed.The reliability and validity of the measurement scale are tested based on 421 sample data.Overall level analysis,single factor analysis and regression analysis are carried out on the current situation of work pressure of graduate tutors.Results show that the developed measurement scale has good reliability and validity;the overall work pressure level of graduate tutors in colleges and universities under the new situation is between moderate pressure and large pressure;the pressure levels of the five pressure sources from high to low are system pressure,scientific research pressure,guidance pressure,teaching pressure and role pressure;there are some differences in the work pressure of graduate tutors in different dimensions for different gender,age stage,identity,title,working years,subject field and university type.On this basis,the countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the work pressure of graduate tutors are put forward from three aspects:establishing an effective mechanism to alleviate the graduate tutors’work pressure,improving graduate tutors’ability to cope with work pressure,and paying attention to the work pressure of key graduate tutors.

关 键 词：工作压力 研究生导师 测量量表 单因素分析 回归分析 对策建议 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]