金属矿小断面硬岩巷道爆破掘进装药结构优化研究  

Optimization study on charge structure for blasting in small cross-section hard rock roadways of metal mines

作　　者：王春光 韩磊 Wang Chunguang;Han Lei(Zhaojin Mining Co.,Ltd.;Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geological Hazards)

机构地区：[1]招金矿业股份有限公司 [2]浙江省岩石力学与地质灾害重点实验室

出　　处：《黄金》2024年第10期40-46,58,共8页Gold

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52004290)。

摘　　要：金属矿山小断面硬岩巷道爆破掘进中常面临炸药能量利用率低、单循环进尺低、块度大等问题。以蚕庄金矿-780 m四分层大巷为背景,采用爆破损伤、应力和振速变化作为评价指标,对无封堵、封堵+空气间隔装药、封堵+水介质孔口间隔装药、封堵+水介质两端间隔装药等4种装药结构进行了模拟分析,选取最优的装药结构参数用于现场试验。研究结果表明:添加封堵有效防止了爆破能量的流失,提高了能量利用率。孔口加封水袋延长了封堵时间,保持了孔内较高的爆轰压力和较长的作用时间,从而更有效地破碎岩石。孔底放置水袋代替部分炸药,既保持了爆破效果,又防止了超挖现象。综合各方面考虑,封堵+水介质两端间隔装药结构表现最优。现场试验结果显示,优化后的装药结构使炮孔利用率平均达到95%,比优化前提高了15%。In small cross-section hard rock roadway blasting for metal mines,common challenges include low energy utilization of explosives,short excavation footage per cycle,and large blocks of rock fragmentation.Taking the-780 m four-level main roadway at Canzhuang Gold Mine as a case study,a simulation analysis was conducted using blasting damage,stress,and velocity change as evaluation indicators for 4 charging structures:no stemming,stemming+air gap charging,stemming+water medium gap at the collar,and stemming+water medium gaps at both ends.The optimal charge structure parameters were selected for field tests.The results showed that adding stemming effectively prevented energy loss and improved energy utilization.Adding water bags at the collar extended the stemming time,maintained higher detonation pressure,and prolonged the effective action,resulting in more efficient rock fragmentation.Replacing part of the explosive with water bags at the bottom of the hole maintained the blasting effect while preventing overbreak.Overall,the stemming+water medium gap charging structure at both ends was found to be the most effective.Field tests demonstrated that the optimized charge structure increased the borehole utilization rate to an average of 95%,15%higher than that before optimization.

关 键 词：小断面 硬岩巷道 爆破掘进 装药结构 空气间隔装药 水间隔装药 炮孔利用率 爆破振动 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]