神舟飞船高精度星敏感器设计概述及在轨验证  

Design and Validation of High Precision Star Tracker on SZ Spacecraft

作　　者：徐义奇 王硕 严微[1] 吴岸霖 郑璇[1] 王龙[1] XU Yiqi;WANG Shuo;YAN Wei;WU Anlin;ZHENG Xuan;WANG Long(Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京控制工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天控制》2024年第5期3-8,共6页Aerospace Control

摘　　要：给出了中国神舟系列飞船所采用的高精度星敏感器的设计方案和在轨验证结果。在镜头设计方面,采用了光阑前置结构型式,满足小型化和长寿命应用需求;在整机结构设计方面,采用了“框架组合环绕式”一体化结构,注重轻量化与稳定性;在电路设计方面,采用了抗辐照加固的APS图像传感器、处理器和ASIC,确保全寿命周期内高灵敏度探测与高可靠信息处理;在算法方面,采用了聚类提取、快速三角形识别、卷帘补偿以及曝光时间动态调整等算法,实现精度、更新率、动态和捕获等关键性能指标;此外,对整机热稳定性进行了改进,确保星敏感器性能可以良好保持。该星敏感器已成功应用于载人航天、探月及北斗三号等一系列重大工程,在轨应用数量达到200余台。The design scheme and in-orbit verification results of the high-precision star tracker is presented,which is used in the Shenzhou series of spacecraft in China.In the lens design,a front-placed diaphragm structure is adopted to meet the needs of miniaturization and long-term applications;In the overall structure design,a"frame combination wrap-around"integrated structure is adopted to focus on lightweight and stability;In the circuit design,radiation-resistant reinforced APS image sensors,processors and ASIC are applied to ensurance of high-sensitivity detection and high-reliable information processing throughout the service life;In the algorithm,clustering extraction,fast triangular recognition,curtain compensation and dynamic adjustment of exposure time,etc.are used to achieve key performance indicators such as precision,update rate,dynamic and capture;In addition,the thermal stability of the whole machine is improved to ensure that the performance of the star tracker can be maintained.The star tracker is successfully applied to a series of major space projects,including manned spaceflight,lunar exploration and Beidou-3 which have more than 200 units in orbit operation.

关 键 词：神舟飞船 星敏感器 月球探测 北斗三号 

分 类 号：V448.22[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]