德昂语-r韵尾的语音特征及其历史演变  

Coda-r in De'ang:Its Nature and Historical Evolution

作　　者：刘岩[1] 杨晓平 LIU Yan;YANG Xiaoping

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081 [2]云南民族大学民族文化学院,昆明650031

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第3期17-27,共11页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国南亚语系语言地图集(23AYY017)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文对德昂语-r韵尾进行了共时考察、语音实验分析和方言间的历史比较,认为德昂语-r独立发音,实际音值为持续时间较长的卷舌近音[■]。-r韵尾在古代德昂语中存在于长元音音节,其近音属性导致它作为韵尾具有不稳定性,所以在现代德昂语大多数方言土语中-r韵尾已经丢失。近音属性还导致-r韵尾有两种不同音变方向:持续音和舌冠音特征使一部分-r韵尾演变为与它具有相同特征的鼻辅音韵尾-n;卷舌的音姿又使-r韵尾与后高元音u、u具有天然的密切关系,导致-r演变为后高元音或是使其前的主元音发生后化或高化。-r韵尾的演变受到了元音音长对立特征消失这个大趋势的影响,由-r韵尾演变而来的-n韵尾对长元音有保持作用。从时间上看,-r韵尾向-n韵尾的演变早于-r韵尾向元音的演变。In this study,we present the synchronic distribution,an acoustic analysis of the phonetic features,and an internal comparison of the coda-r in De'ang.We argue that the coda-r in De'ang is in nature a retroflex approximant[■],which has a relatively long interval and is pronounced quite independently from adjacent vowels.The coda-r existed in ancient De'ang syllables with long vowels.Its being a retroflex approximant made it unstable as a coda,which has disappeared in most dialects of present-day De'ang.Its being a retroflex approximant has also caused its evolution along two distinct paths:one is its evolving into the coda-n,which,just as-r,is also a continuant and a coronal and thus has a retention effect on the long vowels;the other is its evolving into the high back vowels u or wu,which show a close relationship with the coda-r because of the retroflex gesture,or its causing the backing or heightening of the main vowels preceding it.The evolution of the coda-r is subjected to the influence of the disappearing of vowel length distinction.In terms of the chronological sequences of sound evolution,the change from-r to-n occurs earlier than that from-r to vowels.

关 键 词：德昂语 -r韵尾 卷舌音 元音长短对立 历史演变 

分 类 号：H264[语言文字—少数民族语言]