侗水语的鼻冠音与前喉塞音声母  

The Origin and Evolution of Prenasalized and Pre-glottalized Initials in Kam-Sui Languages

作　　者：龙润田 LONG Runtian

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,广州510632

出　　处：《民族语文》2024年第3期38-52,共15页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“汉字记录侗语文献书写系统研究(21CMZ040)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：侗水语支部分语言仍存在鼻冠音和前喉塞音(内爆音)声母类,两类声母是该语支显著的语音特征之一。本文通过对新获取侗语材料和公开水语材料的关系词例进行比较分析,论证了侗水语的鼻冠音和前喉塞音均来源于原始侗水语时期带前置鼻音的复辅音声母的假设;并讨论了两类声母从原始侗水语时期到现代侗水语支各语言的语音变化。是否存在鼻冠音声母是侗语群和水语群最大的区别,也是造成现代侗水语关系词读音差异的原因。这个差异主要是由原始侗水语的复辅音声母产生多方向的语音演变造成的。Prenasalized and pre-glottalized plosive(implosive)initials are still retained in some Kam-Sui languages,which serve as distinctive consonant characteristics in this language branch.Through analysis of sound correspondences between related words in Kam language data newly obtained and Sui language data from published sources,we argue that the prenasalized and pre-glottalized plosives in modern Kam-Sui languages originate from prenasalized consonant clusters in Proto-Kam-Sui,and explain related sound changes from Proto-Kam-Sui to modern Kam-Sui languages and dialects.The presence or absence of prenasalized plosives is the biggest difference between Proto-Kam and Proto-Sui,and is also the cause for phonetic differences of related words in modern Kam-Sui languages.These differences can be mainly attributed to nonlinear sound changes of consonant cluster initials in Proto-Kam-Sui.

关 键 词：鼻冠音 前喉塞音(内爆音) 原始侗水语 语音演变 

分 类 号：H272[语言文字—少数民族语言]