玉米穗型与种植密度对玉米花生间作种间竞争的协调效应  

Coordinated Effects of Maize Ear Type and Planting Density on Interspecific Competition in Maize-Peanut Intercropping System

作　　者：刘涵 丁迪 汪江涛 郑宾 王笑笑 朱晨旭 刘娟[2] 刘领 付国占 焦念元 LIU Han;DING Di;WANG JiangTao;ZHENG Bin;WANG XiaoXiao;ZHU ChenXu;LIU Juan;LIU Ling;FU GuoZhan;JIAO NianYuan(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology/Henan Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center,Luoyang 471023,Henan;Institute of Peanut,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院/河南省旱地农业工程技术研究中心,河南洛阳471023 [2]河南省农业科学院花生研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第19期3758-3769,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：河南省科技研发计划联合基金(222103810056)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对玉米(Zea mays L.)花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)间作(玉米||花生)共处后期种间竞争抑制间作优势进一步提高的问题,探究玉米穗型与种植密度对玉米||花生种间竞争的协调效应及机理,确定合理的间作玉米品种与种植密度,为玉米||花生高产提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】试验于2022—2023年在河南科技大学农场进行,采用大田随机区组试验,选用中穗型玉米品种‘郑单958’和大穗型玉米品种‘MC4520’,在间作玉米5.00万株/hm^(2)(D1)和4.55万株/hm^(2)(D2)2个种植密度下,研究玉米穗型与种植密度对玉米||花生种间竞争和间作优势的影响。【结果】2年试验结果均表明,与D1密度下中穗型玉米‘郑单958’花生间作(M_(D1ZD)||P)相比,D2密度下中穗型玉米‘郑单958’花生间作(M_(D2ZD)||P)和D2密度下大穗型玉米‘MC4520’花生间作(M_(D2MC)||P)均能增强共处后期花生冠层日均光照强度,提高花生叶面积指数和最大生长速率;M_(D2MC)||P促进玉米和花生群体干物质积累,尤其在玉米籽粒和花生荚果中分别提高26.41%—30.11%和8.06%—8.25%;M_(D2ZD)||P和M_(D2MC)||P均能提高花生种间竞争力,在M_(D2MC)||P共处后期花生种间竞争力指数Ap、CRp和Kp分别提高7.55%—19.10%、4.23%—9.12%和9.05%—9.60%;M_(D2ZD)||P中玉米产量降低8.09%—8.19%,其间作体系产量和间作优势分别降低2.23%—2.58%和7.55%—13.29%,M_(D2MC)||P能提高玉米和花生产量,其间作体系产量和间作优势分别显著提高6.28%—7.45%和11.85%—27.18%(P<0.05)。【结论】在该试验区,相比中穗型玉米品种‘郑单958’以密度5.00万株/hm^(2)与花生间作,大穗型玉米品种‘MC4520’以密度4.55万株/hm^(2)与花生间作,可充分发挥玉米个体生产潜力,确保玉米产量不降低,关键更有利于协调玉米||花生共处后期种间光竞争,增强花生种间竞争力,提高花生产量,从而提高间作体系产量和间作优势。【Objective】The interspecific competition during the late coexisting period of maize(Zea mays L.)intercropping with peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)(maize||peanut)is the main problem of inhibition to further the intercropping advantage.The aim of this study was to investigate coordinated effects and mechanism of maize ear type and planting density on interspecific competition in maize||peanut,and to determine the reasonably variety and planting density of intercropped maize,so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for achieving high yield of maize||peanut production.【Method】The experiment was conducted on the farm of Henan University of Science and Technology from 2022 to 2023,utilizing a field randomized block design.The selected maize varieties were‘Zhengdan 958’for medium-ear type and‘MC4520’for large-ear type,with two planting densities of 5.00×104 plants/hm^(2)(D1)and 4.55×104 plants/hm^(2)(D2)for intercropping.The effects of maize ear type and planting density on interspecific competition and intercropping advantage of maize||peanut were studied.【Result】The results of the 2-year experiment showed that compared with D1 density medium-ear type‘Zhengdan 958’intercropped with peanut(M_(D1ZD)||P),D2 density medium-ear type‘Zhengdan 958’intercropped with peanut(M_(D2ZD)||P)and D2 density large-ear type‘MC4520’intercropped with peanut(M_(D2MC)||P)could enhance the canopy daily light intensity of peanut during the late coexisting period,and increase the leaf area index and maximum growth rate of peanut.M_(D2MC)||P increased dry matter accumulation in maize and peanut populations,especially in maize grains and peanut pods by 26.41%-30.11%and 8.06%-8.25%,respectively.M_(D2ZD)||P and M_(D2MC)||P could improve the interspecific competitiveness of peanut,and the interspecific competitiveness index Ap,CRp and Kp were increased by 7.55%-19.10%,4.23%-9.12%and 9.05%-9.60%,respectively,during M_(D2MC)||P later coexistence.M_(D2ZD)||P decreased maize yield by 8.09%-8.19%,decreased

关 键 词：玉米花生间作 玉米穗型 种植密度 种间竞争 间作优势 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学] S513