咸淡水轮灌对设施番茄光合特性及叶片超微结构的影响  

Effects of Saline-Fresh Water Rotation Irrigation on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Leaf Ultrastructure of Tomato Plants in Greenhouse

作　　者：辛朗 宋嘉雯 付媛媛 唐茂淞 敬凌琨 王兴鹏[1,2,3] XIN Lang;SONG JiaWen;FU YuanYuan;TANG MaoSong;JING LingKun;WANG XingPeng(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Tarim University/Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Engineering in General Colleges and Universities of the Department of Education of the Autonomous Region/Key Laboratory of Tarim Oasis Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Alaer 843300,Xinjiang;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832061,Xinjiang;Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji 831100,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院/自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室/塔里木绿洲农业教育部重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832061 [3]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第19期3784-3798,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目(TDZKC202002);国家自然科学基金项目(51469029);兵团研究生科研创新项目(TDGRI202251)。

摘　　要：【目的】阐明咸淡水轮灌对设施番茄叶片超微结构及光合特性的影响机理,有利于优化设施番茄咸水灌溉调控策略。【方法】以当地常规番茄品种“明珠”为材料,2022—2023年在南疆地区温室内开展为期两年的番茄咸淡水轮灌试验,试验设置4个处理,分别为W1(咸水、淡水,轮灌4次),W2(2次咸水、2次淡水,轮灌2次),W3(2次淡水、4次咸水、2次淡水,轮灌1次),全淡水灌溉为对照处理(CK),3种咸淡水轮灌模式的灌水量与CK一致。主要探讨咸淡水轮灌产生的盐碱胁迫对设施番茄叶片超微结构、叶绿素含量、气孔特征、气体交换参数及产量的影响。【结果】在咸淡水轮灌条件下,番茄叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)等光合参数,以及叶片水分利用效率(WUE)均显著下降,气孔因素和非气孔因素在限制叶片气体交换过程中起关键性作用;番茄叶片不仅通过减小单个气孔开度来快速适应盐碱胁迫,且能经过长期的气孔分化和发育过程调控气孔密度和气孔形状,以此提高气体交换效率。与CK处理相比,W1、W2及W3处理的叶片气孔密度,分别增加22.8%、43.07%和13.8%,气孔宽度分别减小54.6%、77.8%和13.7%。受土壤盐分胁迫影响,相较于CK处理,W1、W2处理番茄叶片叶绿体基粒片层结构被破坏,叶绿素含量分别减少6.2%、11.8%,净光合速率降低16.3%、26.2%,产量降幅达45.3%、52.5%,且最大叶面积指数比同期CK处理分别低20.8%、27.5%。W3处理的番茄叶片叶肉细胞结构相对完整,叶绿素含量和光合作用效率维持在较高水平,产量及其构成因素与CK差异不显著,其中平均单果质量增加6.5%、果茎增大6.0%、产量略提高0.7%。【结论】综合番茄生理变化和产量分析,在番茄开花结果期—果实膨大期灌溉咸水,其他生育阶段采用淡水灌溉,减缓了咸水灌溉对番茄生长造成的不利影响,W3处理可推荐可作为南疆地区设施�【Objective】Revealing the mechanisms of saline-fresh water rotation irrigation that affected the leaf ultrastructure and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato plants was benefit to optimize the strategy of saline water irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes.【Method】In this paper,the local conventional tomato variety“Mingzhu”was used as the material to carry out a two-year trial of saline and fresh water irrigation in greenhouses in the southern Xinjiang region from 2022 to 2023.The four treatments consisted of rotation irrigation with four times saline-fresh water(W1),rotation irrigation with two times saline water and two times fresh water(W2),rotation irrigation with two times fresh water,four times saline water,and two times fresh water(W3),and freshwater irrigation as a control(CK).The three rotation patterns had the same amount of saline water and fresh water.The effects of saline and alkaline stress produced by saline and freshwater rotational irrigation on the ultrastructure,chlorophyll content,stomatal characteristics,gas exchange parameters,and yield of facility tomato leaves were mainly investigated.【Result】The results indicated that the saline-alkali stress introduced by saline water significantly reduced the gas exchange parameters of tomato leaves and water use efficiency at the leaf scale,and both stomatal and non-stomatal factors played a key role in limiting leaf gas exchange.Tomato leaves not only adapted quickly to salinity stress by reducing individual stomatal openings,but also improved gas exchange efficiency by regulating stomatal density and stomatal shape through long-term stomatal differentiation and development.Compared with the CK treatment,the stomatal density of the leaves under W1,W2,and W3 treatments increased by 22.8%,43.0%and 13.8%,respectively,and the stomatal width was reduced by 54.6%,77.8%,and 13.7%,respectively;under the influence of soil salinity stress,compared with CK treatment,the chloroplast granular lamellae structure was disrupted in tomato leaves under W1

关 键 词：番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L.) 咸淡水轮灌 叶片超微结构 光合效应 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S626[农业科学—园艺学]