公众的风险感知与新兴技术接受度——面向人脸识别技术的调查实验研究  

Risk Perception of the Public and Acceptance of Emerging Technologies: A Survey Experiment on Facial Recognition Technology

作　　者：朱旭峰[1] 楼闻佳 Zhu Xufeng;Lou Wenjia(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University;Graduate Affairs Office of the CPC Tsinghua University Committee,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院 [2]清华大学党委研究生工作部

出　　处：《管理世界》2024年第10期118-130,共13页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“政策反馈的形成与影响机制:基于公众态度异质性的模型构建与实证分析”(基金号:72174106)的资助。

摘　　要：公众对新兴技术的接受度不仅会影响技术应用的成效,也会改变技术发展的路径,但当前学术界仍然缺乏深入研究。本文提出了社会福利、个人收益和技术伦理3类风险感知影响新兴技术接受度的理论框架。通过设计3组针对人脸识别技术的平行调查实验,本研究发现,公众对于人脸识别技术提升社会治安的感知,往往可以提升其对新兴技术的接受度,而对于人脸识别技术带来的财产损失和隐私冲突的感知,则会降低公众的技术接受度。此外,公众的技术使用行为和监管信任水平会调节公众风险感知对新兴技术接受度的影响。本研究定义了新兴技术的概念,通过辨析社会福利、个人收益和技术伦理3种类型的技术风险,从场景化的微观视角理解新兴技术接受度,还分析了不同群体对于新兴技术风险的差异化感知,推进了学界对新兴技术风险和技术接受度的理解。本文提出,政府应该尽早关注新兴技术的风险,并积极回应公众的风险顾虑,通过对风险类型进行场景化的区分,构建更为精细化的新兴技术风险沟通体系,从而以公共政策引导技术接受度的提升,为新兴技术发展提供良好的社会环境。Public acceptance of emerging technologies always affects the effectiveness of technology applications and the path of technological development. However, there has been limited substantive research into the public acceptance of emerging technologies. This paper proposes a theoretical framework for how perceptions of three types of risks, including social welfare, personal benefits, and technological ethics,influence the acceptance of emerging technologies. Through three parallel survey experiments on facial recognition technology, this study finds that the public's perception of the enhancement in social welfare brought by facial recognition technology can increase their acceptance of emerging technologies, while their perception of property loss and privacy conflicts caused by facial recognition technology can decrease their acceptance. In addition, our study suggests that the usage behaviors and the trust in regulation can moderate their perception of technological risks. This study gives a definition of emerging technologies, and through analyzing three types of technological risks: social welfare, personal benefits, and technological ethics, it provides a scenario-based micro perspective for further understanding the acceptance of emerging technologies. It also conducts specific analysis on the differentiated mechanisms by which different groups perceive the risks of emerging technologies. This analysis helps to strengthen the understanding of risks of emerging technologies and the public acceptance towards emerging technologies. This article proposes that the government should pay attention to the risks of emerging technologies as early as possible, and actively respond to public risk concerns. By categorizing risk types based on scenarios, a more refined communication system for emerging technology risks should be established. This will improve the acceptance of technology through public policy, and thus provide a favorable social environment for the development of emerging technologies.

关 键 词：风险感知 技术接受度 新兴技术 人脸识别 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]